Ecosystem Diversity: Key Concepts in Terrestrial and Aquatic
School
Brigham Young University, Idaho**We aren't endorsed by this school
Course
BIO 181
Subject
Biology
Date
Dec 10, 2024
Pages
4
Uploaded by CoachParrot3810
BIO 181 Study GuideUnit 1 EcologyWeek 2Topic 2: Ecosystem DiversityLEARNING RESOURCESThe following resources will help you with this study guide. If you need additional help, post your questions on the Help Central Discussion Board.Read OpenStax Chapter 44.3-4.Watch the Topic 2 video.PREPARATION & PONDERING1.What are the two physical factors that define terrestrial biomes?2.Identify characteristics for eight terrestrial biomes.3.What are the physical factors that define aquatic biomes? Which one is the mostimportant in defining aquatic biomes?4.Identify the oceanic zones.5.Identify characteristics of aquatic (marine, estuary, and freshwater) biomes.VOCABULARYYou should have both a formal and working definition of every word that is boldin the textbook; don’t just Google the terms and memorize a generic definition.TOPICOUTLINE The following outline is one way to help you understand and connect related concepts and ideas. Usethis outline to create concept maps as you learn and make connections. 1)Terrestrial Biomesa)Biomes are characterized by the temperature and precipitation that occur there daily and by season.i)For each biome described below, you should be able to answer the following:(a)Where are they found?(b)Are there seasons? How do seasons differ from each other during the year?(c)What is the vegetation and animal diversity?(d)What are the temperature and sunlight profiles?(e)Is there a source of disturbance?b)Tropical wet forest (rainforests)-Near equator-No seasons-Trees of all sizes, big leaves -High diversity in animals-Hot and Humid-No disturbancesc)Savannas-Africa, South America-Long, dry, warm winter
BIO 181 Study GuideUnit 1 EcologyWeek 2-Short, wet, hot, summer-Mostly grass-Large grazing mammals-Hot-Fire disturbanced)Subtropical deserts-SW US, N Mexico, N Africa, Mid East, Australia, China-Extreme temps (day and night)-No seasons-Little precipitation-Annual plants, deep roots, little leaves with thick epidermis, water storage system-Hot, unpredictable rainfall-Cold winter nights (no clouds to hold in heat)-No disturbancese)Chaparral (scrub forest)-California and Mediterranean Coast-Cool winter(little rain) hot summer (no rain)-Low shrubs-rodents and small mammals-warm temp-Fire disturbancef)Temperate grasslands-MidWest Canada and US, Russia-Hot summer and Cold winter-Grass-Grazing mammals-Low precipitation-No trees-Fire disturbanceg)Temperate forests (deciduous)-East US and Canada, East Asia, West Europe-4 distinct seasons-Trees, bushes, moss-birds, insects, some mammals-moderate precipitation-winter has snow, summer has rain-moderate temph)Boreal forests (taiga or coniferous)-Canada, Alaska, NW US, N Europe-Long dry cold winter, short wet cool summer-moss, lichens, evergreen trees-wolves, bears, moose-low growth because of low precipitationi)Arctic tundra-Arctic US and Russia-long cold winter, short cool summer-lichen, short grass-insects, birds, caribou, fox, hares-low precipitation low temp2)Aquatic Biomes
BIO 181 Study GuideUnit 1 EcologyWeek 2a)Abiotic factors influencing aquatic biomes are mainly water, light, current, and stratification.i)Water, light, temperature, movementsii)For each biome described below, you should be able to answer the following:(a)What is it?(b)Where it is located?(c)How far does light penetrate?(d)What are the levels of oxygen? (e)What are the levels of nutrients? (f)What is the temperature profile? (g)Are there pressure effects? (h)What is the plant and animal diversity?b)Marine Biomesi)Ocean(1)Intertidal zone-Tide Pools-Light +-Oxygen +-Nutrients +-Temp- warm and stable year-round-Air pressure- low-crabs, barnacles, sea snails, sea stars, sea anemones, seaweed(2)Neritic zone-Water near tide pools-Light +-Oxygen +-Nutrients +-Temp- warm and stable year-round-Air pressure- lo-seaweed, photosynthetic plankton like algae, zooplankton, small fish(3)Pelagic zone-Open Ocean-Light +-Oxygen +-Nutrients –-Temp- thermal stratification- currents cause warm and cold water to mix\-whales, dolphins, sharks(4)Benthic realm-Basically the floor at every level- sandy beach, continental shelves, ocean floor-Light –-Oxygen –-Nutrients +-Temp- low-Air pressure- high-fungi, bacteria, invertebrates, fish(5)Abyssal zone-Water at the bottom of the ocean-Light –-Oxygen –-Nutrients +/-?
BIO 181 Study GuideUnit 1 EcologyWeek 2-Temp- low-Air pressure- high-invertebrates like tube worms, fishii)Coral reefsc)Estuaries-Fresh water meets Salt water-Light +-Oxygen +-Nutrients +-Temp- stable year-round-Air pressure- low-tolerant of salt- crabs, crustaceans, shrimp, mollusks, oyster, diving birds, fishd)Freshwater biomesi)Lakes and ponds-Non-moving water-Light a lot at surface-Oxygen varies depending on season-Nutrients varies depending on season-Temp- varies-Air pressure- low-phytoplankton on surface which is eaten by zooplankton, which is eaten by fish-Large input of nitrogen and phosphorus creates algal bloom which limits photosynthesis and can cause a dead zoneii)Rivers and streams-Light +-Oxygen +-Nutrients low in streams, more and more in rivers as it grows-Temp- streams are cold, rivers are warm-Air pressure- low-invertebrates, insects, fish, frogs, water fowliii) Wetlands-Light +-Oxygen –-Nutrients –-Temp- warm-Air pressure- low-water fowl, plants don't grow well because there is no nitrogen in the soil,-emerging vegetation (coming up out of the water)