Comprehensive Guide to Final Exam in Modern Physics
School
Holland College**We aren't endorsed by this school
Course
MATH 2243
Subject
Physics
Date
Dec 10, 2024
Pages
4
Uploaded by BailiffIbex4745
Final Exam in Modern PhysicsTime: 120 minutesTotal Score: 100 pointsInstructions:1. This exam consists of multiple-choice questions, solution questions, and calculation questions. Please carefully read each question and answer accordingly.2. For multiple-choice questions, please circle the correct answer.3. For solution questions, please provide a clear and concise explanation or derivation.4. For calculation questions, please show all your steps and units.Exam Questions:1. Multiple-choice Question (2 points)In the Standard Model of particle physics, which of the following particles is a fermion?A. PhotonB. ElectronC. GluonD. Higgs boson2. Solution Question (4 points)Explain the concept of dark matter and its role in the formation of galaxies and the expansion of the universe.3. Calculation Question (5 points)Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of an electron with a kinetic energy of 100 eV.4. Multiple-choice Question (2 points)Which of the following is a fundamental force in nature?A. Strong nuclear forceB. Weak nuclear forceC. Electromagnetic forceD. All of the above5. Solution Question (4 points)Discuss the differences between general relativity and Newtonian gravity in terms of their predictions for the orbit of Mercury.6. Calculation Question (5 points)A neutron star has a mass of 1.4 solar masses and a radius of 10 km. Calculate its average density in kg/m³.
7. Multiple-choice Question (2 points)Which of the following is a key feature of the Big Bang theory?A. The universe is expandingB. The universe is homogeneous and isotropicC. The universe had a beginningD. All of the above8. Solution Question (4 points)Explain the concept of inflation in cosmology and its implications for the structure of the universe.9. Calculation Question (5 points)The mass of a proton is approximately 1.67 × 10²kg. Calculate its de Broglie wavelength ⁻ ⁷when it is moving at 0.1c (where c is the speed of light).10. Multiple-choice Question (2 points)Which of the following particles is responsible for carrying the weak nuclear force?A. PhotonB. GluonC. W and Z bosonsD. Graviton11. Solution Question (4 points)Discuss the concept of cosmic microwave background radiation and its significance in supporting the Big Bang theory.12. Calculation Question (5 points)A black hole has a mass of 10 solar masses. Calculate its Schwarzschild radius in meters.13. Multiple-choice Question (2 points)Which of the following is a prediction of string theory?A. Extra dimensionsB. SupersymmetryC. Unification of all fundamental forcesD. All of the above14. Solution Question (4 points)Explain the concept of the Higgs mechanism and its role in giving particles mass.15. Calculation Question (5 points)A particle has a rest mass of 0.5 MeV/c² and a relativistic kinetic energy of 1.5 MeV. Calculate its total energy in MeV.
16. Multiple-choice Question (2 points)Which of the following is a key feature of the cosmic microwave background radiation?A. It is uniform in all directionsB. It has a blackbody spectrumC. It is the leftover radiation from the Big BangD. All of the above17. Solution Question (4 points)Discuss the implications of dark energy for the future of the universe.18. Calculation Question (5 points)The Planck length is approximately 1.6 × 10³meters. Calculate its value in kilometers.⁻ ⁵19. Multiple-choice Question (2 points)Which of the following is a prediction of the theory of general relativity?A. Gravitational lensingB. Gravitational redshiftC. Gravitational wavesD. All of the above20. Solution Question (4 points)Explain the concept of the cosmological constant and its role in the expansion of the universe.21. Calculation Question (5 points)The charge of an electron is approximately 1.6 × 10¹C. Calculate its charge in coulombs.⁻ ⁹22. Multiple-choice Question (2 points)Which of the following is a key feature of the Standard Model of particle physics?A. Quarks and leptonsB. Fundamental forcesC. Conservation lawsD. All of the above23. Solution Question (4 points)Discuss the concept of quantum entanglement and its implications for the nature of reality.24. Calculation Question (5 points)The Planck time is approximately 5.4 × 10seconds. Calculate its value in milliseconds.⁻⁴⁴25. Multiple-choice Question (2 points)Which of the following is a prediction of quantum mechanics?
A. Wave-particle dualityB. Uncertainty principleC. SuperpositionD. All of the above26. Solution Question (4 points)Explain the concept of the Hubble constant and its significance in measuring the expansion of the universe.27. Calculation Question (5 points)The mass of a neutron is approximately 1.675 × 10²kg. Calculate its mass in grams.⁻ ⁷28. Multiple-choice Question (2 points)Which of the following is a key feature of the theory of inflation?A. Faster-than-light expansionB. Resolution of the flatness and horizon problemsC. Production of primordial density fluctuationsD. All of the above29. Solution Question (4 points)Discuss the implications of the cosmic microwave background radiation for the age of the universe.30. Calculation Question (5 points)The Planck mass is approximately 2.2 × 10kg. Calculate its value in micrograms.⁻⁸