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Understanding Pneumonias: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

School
Drexel University**We aren't endorsed by this school
Course
BIO 226
Subject
Biology
Date
Dec 11, 2024
Pages
5
Uploaded by DrRoseRaccoon6
DiseaseLower Resp Diseases(Pneumonias)Pathogen /Gram Rxn & MorphologyMode of TransmissionReservoirTreatment or VaccineSigns & SymptomsQ Fevercoxiella burnetiidDirect ContactIndirect(Fomites)Droplet(Aerosol)Vehicle(Food, Water, Soil)Vector(Mechanical, Biological)HumanAnimal – birds, ticks, & mammals Non-living(Soil, Water, Food)Antibiotics (Bacteria)Acyclovir (Virus)Amphotericin B (Fungi)Metronidazole (Protozoa)Vaccine=High fever, coughing, pneumonia, malaiseChronic cases: potentially fatal endocarditis Contract through inhalation of aerosols of urine, feces, milk, or amniotic fluid of infected cattle, sheep, goats Primary Typical PneumoniaStreptococcus pneumoniae Direct ContactIndirect(Fomites)Droplet(Aerosol)Vehicle(Food, Water, Soil)Vector(Mechanical, Biological)HumanAnimal ( be specific)Non-living(Soil, Water, Food)Antibiotics (Bacteria)Acyclovir (Virus)Amphotericin B (Fungi)Metronidazole (Protozoa)Vaccine= pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV14) and Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) Chest pain, cough, fatigue, fever, sweating, &shaking chills, shortness of breath, Hib PneumoniaAdenoviruses, influenza viruses,parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syncytial viruses, others Direct ContactIndirect(Fomites)Droplet(Aerosol)Vehicle(Food, Water, Soil)Vector(Mechanical, Biological)HumanAnimal ( be specific)Non-living(Soil, Water, Food)Antibiotics (Bacteria)Acyclovir (Virus)Amphotericin B (Fungi)Metronidazole (Protozoa)Vaccine=Mild cold like symptoms to severe pneumoniaInfants: rsv infection could be threatening 2Walking PneumoniaMycoplasma pneumoniae Direct ContactIndirect(Fomites)Droplet(Aerosol)Vehicle(Food, Water, Soil)Vector(Mechanical, Biological)HumanAnimal ( be specific)Non-living(Soil, Water, Food)Antibiotics (Bacteria)Acyclovir (Virus)Amphotericin B (Fungi)Metronidazole (Protozoa)Vaccine=Low fever, persistent cough LegionellosisLegionella pneumophila Direct ContactIndirect(Fomites)Droplet(Aerosol)Vehicle(Food, Water, Soil)Vector(Mechanical, Biological)HumanAnimal ( be specific)Non-living(Soil, Water, Food)Antibiotics (Bacteria)Acyclovir (Virus)Amphotericin B (Fungi)Metronidazole (Protozoa)Vaccine=Cough, fever, muscle aches, headaches, nausea, vomiting, confusion, may be fatal Pertussis (whooping cough) Bordetella Direct ContactIndirect(Fomites)HumanAnimal ( be Antibiotics (Bacteria)Acyclovir (Virus)Severe coughing with woop soundChronic cough lasting several months; can be
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pertussis Droplet(Aerosol)Vehicle(Food, Water, Soil)Vector(Mechanical, Biological)specific)Non-living(Soil, Water, Food)Amphotericin B (Fungi)Metronidazole (Protozoa)Vaccine= DTaP, Tdap fatal in infants Contract through inhalation of respiratory dro0plets from infected person Psitacosis (Ornothosis) parrot fever Chlamydia psittaci Direct ContactIndirect(Fomites)Droplet(Aerosol)Vehicle(Food, Water, Soil)Vector(Mechanical, Biological)HumanAnimal ( birds) Non-living(Soil, Water, Food)Antibiotics (Bacteria)Acyclovir (Virus)Amphotericin B (Fungi)Metronidazole (Protozoa)Vaccine=Usually caught through inhaling dust from feathers, droppings, and secreetions of infected birds Sudden fever, chills, headache, discomfort, muscle pain, dry cough Pneumocystis PneumoniaPneumocystis jirovecii Direct ContactIndirect(Fomites)Droplet(Aerosol)Vehicle(Food, Water, Soil)Vector(Mechanical, Biological)HumanAnimal ( be specific)Non-living(Soil, Water, Food)Antibiotics (Bacteria)Acyclovir (Virus)Amphotericin B (Fungi)Metronidazole (Protozoa)Vaccine=Fever, cough, shortness of breath, can be fatal if untreated MellioidosisBurkholderia pseudomallei Direct ContactIndirect(Fomites)Droplet(Aerosol)Vehicle(Food, Water, Soil)Vector(Mechanical, Biological)HumanAnimal ( be specific)Non-living(Soil, Water, Food)Antibiotics (Bacteria)Acyclovir (Virus)Amphotericin B (Fungi)Metronidazole (Protozoa)Vaccine=Chronic cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, fever, loss of appetite, headache, ulceration, joint pain RSVRespiratory syncytial virus Direct ContactIndirect(Fomites)Droplet(Aerosol)Vehicle(Food, Water, Soil)Vector(Mechanical, Biological)HumanAnimal ( be specific)Non-living(Soil, Water, Food)Antibiotics (Bacteria)Acyclovir (Virus)Amphotericin B (Fungi)Metronidazole (Protozoa)Vaccine=Runny nose, fever, cough, apnea, trouble eating drink or swallowing, wheezing, flaring of nostrils or straining of chest or stomach while breathing, breathing faster/trouble breathing InfluenzaInfluenza viruses A, B, C Direct ContactIndirect(Fomites)Droplet(Aerosol)Vehicle(Food, Water, Soil)Vector(Mechanical, Biological)HumanAnimal ( be specific)Non-living(Soil, Water, Food)Antibiotics (Bacteria)Acyclovir (Virus)Amphotericin B (Fungi)Metronidazole (Protozoa)Vaccine= inactivated, FluMist Fever, chills, headache, body aches, fatigue, may lead to pneumonia or complications like Reye syndrome Highly virulent strains may cause lethal complications Highly contagious between human contact, respiratory secretions or inhalation of droplets/aerosols Influenza A virus can be transmitted from
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animal reservoirs COVID-19SARS-coV-2 virusDirect ContactIndirect(Fomites)Droplet(Aerosol)Vehicle(Food, Water, Soil)Vector(Mechanical, Biological)HumanAnimal – horseshoe bats Non-living(Soil, Water, Food)Antibiotics (Bacteria)Acyclovir (Virus)Amphotericin B (Fungi)Metronidazole (Protozoa)Vaccine= Pfizer abd Moderna (mRNA and protein subunit vaccine) Fever, chills, cough, sore throat, muscle pain/body ache, shortness of breath, loss of taste and smell DiseaseUpper Respiratory DiseasesPathogen /Gram Rxn & MorphologyMode of TransmissionReservoirTreatment or VaccineSigns & SymptomsEpiglottitisHaemophilus influenzae Direct ContactIndirect(Fomites)Droplet(Aerosol)Vehicle(Food, Water, Soil)Vector(Mechanical, Biological)HumanAnimal ( be specific)Non-living(Soil, Water, Food)Antibiotics (Bacteria)Acyclovir (Virus)Amphotericin B (Fungi)Metronidazole (Protozoa)Vaccine=Hib vaccine Sore throat, high fever, difficulty breathing, irritability and restlessness, muffled and hoarse voice, strep Throat (streptococcal pharyngitis) Streptococcus pyogenes Direct ContactIndirect(Fomites)Droplet(Aerosol)Vehicle(Food, Water, Soil)Vector(Mechanical, Biological)HumanAnimal ( be specific)Non-living(Soil, Water, Food)Antibiotics (Bacteria)Acyclovir (Virus)Amphotericin B (Fungi)Metronidazole (Protozoa)Vaccine=Fever, sore throat, inflammation of pharynx and tonsils, petechiae, swollen lymph nodes; skin rash (scarlet fever), and strawberry tongue Scarlet FeverStreptococcuspyogenes Direct ContactIndirect(Fomites)Droplet(Aerosol)Vehicle(Food, Water, Soil)Vector(Mechanical, Biological)HumanAnimal ( be specific)Non-living(Soil, Water, Food)Antibiotics (Bacteria)Acyclovir (Virus)Amphotericin B (Fungi)Metronidazole (Protozoa)Vaccine=Fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes, strawberry tongue (red and swollen tongue) Skin rash first on neck face or chest and then spread to rest of body DiptheriaCorynebacteriumdiptheriae Direct ContactIndirect(Fomites)Droplet(Aerosol)Vehicle(Food, Water, Soil)Vector(Mechanical, Biological)HumanAnimal ( be specific)Non-living(Soil, Water, Food)Antibiotics (Bacteria)Acyclovir (Virus)Amphotericin B (Fungi)Metronidazole (Protozoa)Vaccine=DtaP, Tdap, DT,Td, DTPPseudomembrane on throat, may lead to suffocation and death, blue skin color Otitis MediaHaemophilus influenzae, Direct ContactIndirect(Fomites)Droplet(Aerosol)HumanAnimal ( be specific)Antibiotics (Bacteria)Acyclovir (Virus)Amphotericin B (Fungi)Symptoms: earache, possible effusion (fluid
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streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, others Vehicle(Food, Water, Soil)Vector(Mechanical, Biological)Non-living(Soil, Water, Food)Metronidazole (Protozoa)Vaccine=collects in spaces), fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Often a secondary infection, bacteria from respiratory tract trapped in eustachian tube(connects middle bear & nasopharynx), cause infection Common ColdRhinoviruses, adenoviruses, coronaviruses, others Direct ContactIndirect(Fomites)Droplet(Aerosol)Vehicle(Food, Water, Soil)Vector(Mechanical, Biological)HumanAnimal ( be specific)Non-living(Soil, Water, Food)Antibiotics (Bacteria)Acyclovir (Virus)Amphotericin B (Fungi)Metronidazole (Protozoa)Vaccine=Runny nose, congestion, sore throat, sneezing, headaches, muscle aches, may leadto otitis media, pharyngitis, laryngitis Contact with respiratory secretions or inhalation of droplets or aerosols DiseaseTB-like DiseasesPathogen /Gram Rxn & MorphologyMode of TransmissionReservoirTreatment or VaccineSigns & SymptomsTuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis Direct ContactIndirect(Fomites)Droplet(Aerosol)Vehicle(Food, Water, Soil)Vector(Mechanical, Biological)HumanAnimal ( be specific)Non-living(Soil, Water, Food)Antibiotics (Bacteria)Acyclovir (Virus)Amphotericin B (Fungi)Metronidazole (Protozoa)Vaccine=BCG vaccine Formation of tubercles in lungs, rupture of tubercles, leading to chronic/bloody cough; healed tubercles (Ghon complexes) visible in radiographs; can be fatal HistoplasmosisHistoplasmacapsulatum Direct ContactIndirect(Fomites)Droplet(Aerosol)Vehicle(Food, Water, Soil)Vector(Mechanical, Biological)HumanAnimal ( be specific)Non-living(Soil, Water, Food)Antibiotics (Bacteria)Acyclovir (Virus)Amphotericin B (Fungi)Metronidazole (Protozoa)Vaccine=Fever, headache, weakness, chest pain, lesion on lungs Coccidioidomycosis (valley fever) Coccidioides immitis Direct ContactIndirect(Fomites)Droplet(Aerosol)Vehicle(Food, Water, Soil)Vector(Mechanical, Biological)HumanAnimal ( be specific)Non-living(Soil, Water, Food)Antibiotics (Bacteria)Acyclovir (Virus)Amphotericin B (Fungi)Metronidazole (Protozoa)Vaccine= Contracted through inhaling fungal spores (arthrospores formed by hyphal fragmentation) Granulomatous lesions on face and nose May spread to organs or brain = cause fatal meningitis BlastomycosisBlastomyces dermatitidis Direct ContactIndirect(Fomites)Droplet(Aerosol)Vehicle(Food, Water, Soil)Vector(Mechanical, Biological)HumanAnimal ( be specific)Non-living(Soil, Water, Food)Antibiotics (Bacteria)Acyclovir (Virus)Amphotericin B (Fungi)Metronidazole (Protozoa)Vaccine=Fever, chills, cough, headache, fatigue, chest pain, body achesDisseminated infections, chronic crusted lesions on face and hands with permanent scarring; can be fatal
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