Nursing Process and Critical Thinking in Patient Care
School
Ocean County College**We aren't endorsed by this school
Course
NURS FUNDAMENTA
Subject
Nursing
Date
Dec 11, 2024
Pages
37
Uploaded by rayhirch
Chapter 4The Nursing Process, Critical Thinking, and Clinical Judgment
Lesson 4.1The Nursing Process and Critical Thinking(Slide 1 of 2)Theory1)Explain the use of the nursing process.2)Identify the components of the nursing process. 3)Compare and contrast the terms critical thinking, clinical reasoning, andclinical judgment. 4)Identify the steps of the problem-solving process. 5)List the steps used in making decisions. Slide 2
Lesson 4.1The Nursing Process and Critical Thinking(Slide 2 of 2)Theory 6)Identify ways to improve critical reasoning skills. 7)Apply the critical thinking process to a real-life problem. 8)Discuss the use of critical thinking in nursing.Clinical Practice1)Apply nursing process to a patient care assignment.Slide 3
The Nursing ProcessA way of thinking and acting based on the scientific method Used as a tool identify patients’ problems and an organized method to meet patients’ needsSlide 4
The Nursing Process5 Components of the nursing process ➢Assessment➢Nursing diagnosis➢Planning➢Implementation➢EvaluationSlide 5
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The Nursing ProcessThe goal of the nursing process:-explore patient’s health status- identify actual or potential health careproblems- determine desired outcomes- deliver specific nursing interventions that will solve the problems and promote health- determine whether outcomes have been achievedSlide 7
Care planCreating a patient care plan involves collaboration with the nurse, the patient, and other health team members. Patient input during the planning stage results in greater success with the care plan and care coordination.RNs are officially responsible for the initiation of nursing care plans, but the LPNs are often responsible for data collection to assist the RN with the assessment phase.Slide 8
AssessmentCollecting, organizing, documenting, and validating a patient’s health dataData are gathered from patient (physical assessment and interview) and family, as well as from the physician and patient’s medical recordData from other health professionals and diagnostic tests included in assessmentSlide 9
AssessmentSlide 10
Nursing DiagnosisSorting and analyzing the assessment data to identify potential health problems Problems identified during the process are specific nursing diagnosesNursing diagnoses prioritized and entered into the nursing plan of careSlide 11
PlanningA series of steps in which the nurse and the patient set priorities and goals to eliminate, diminish, or control identified problemsGoals should be stated with specific outcomesNurse and patient collaborate to choose specific interventions to enable the patient to meet the specific outcomes listed in the plan of careSlide 12
ImplementationCarrying out nursing interventions prioritized during the planning processSome interventions may be delegated or carried out by other members of the health care teamSlide 13
EvaluationAssessing the patient to evaluate his or her response to the nursing interventions Responses compared with expected outcomes to evaluate whether outcomes have been metBased on results from the evaluation process, the nursing plan of care may need to be changedSlide 14
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LPNRoleSlide 17
Critical Thinking(Slide 1 of 2)Required to use the nursing process successfullyMeans requiring careful judgmentDirected, purposeful mental activity by which ideas are evaluated, plans are constructed, and desired outcomes are decidedClinicaljudgementis the outcome of clinicalreasoning: the conclusion or decision you arrive at by exercising your clinical reasoning skills.Slide 18
Critical Thinking(Slide 2 of 2)Problem solving and decision making➢First define the problem clearly➢Second, consider all possible alternatives as solutions➢Third, consider outcomes for each alternative➢Fourth, predict likelihood of each outcome occurring➢Finally, choose alternative with best chance of success and fewest undesirable outcomesSlide 19
Decision makingGood decision making is choosing the best actions to meet a desired goal and is part of the critical thinking process.Nurses often have to make quick decisions in moments of crisis.Slide 20
Skills for Critical Thinking Effective readingEffective writingAttentive listeningEffective communicatingBox 4.2, p.53Slide 21
Critical Thinking in Nursing(Slide 1 of 3)Requires skills and experience as well as knowledgeInfluenced by professional standards and codes of ethicsSlide 22
Critical Thinking and Nursing(Slide 2 of 3)Critical thinking and the nursing process➢Assessment: organized and systematic; includes gathering and recording data➢Nursing diagnosis requires analysis of data gathered, clustering related information, identifying problem areas, and choosing appropriate nursing diagnoses➢Planning involves determining specific desired outcomes for each nursing diagnosisSlide 23
Critical Thinking and Nursing (Slide 3 of 3)Critical thinking and the nursing process ➢Implementation involves preparing for and performing the interventions➢Evaluation involves gathering data to determine if expected outcomes have been achievedSlide 24
CRITICAL THINKING VSREGULAR THINKINGSlide 25
SCENARIOONESlide 26
SCENARIO TWOSlide 27
SCENARIOTWOSlide 28
CRITICAL THINKING VS REGULAR THINKINGSlide 29
Question 1Which of the following is an example of a nurse’s statement that reflects using the scientific method in the nursing process?1)“I believe that this patient is getting depressed.”2)“The patient doesn’t look right to me; I think something is wrong.”3)“The patient’s husband told me that she is feeling very uncomfortable.”4)“The patient reports more pain than yesterday and her blood pressure is elevated.”Slide 30
Lesson 4.2Priority Setting ConsiderationsTheory9)Explain the basic principles of setting priorities for nursing care.10)List factors to be considered when setting priorities.Clinical Practice2)Use critical thinking to prioritize care for a patient assignment.Slide 31
Priority Setting and Work OrganizationPriority setting (prioritizing): placing nursing diagnoses/interventions in order of importance ➢High priority: life-threatening problems ➢Medium priority: problems that threaten health or coping ability➢Low priority: problems that do not have a major effect on the person if not attended to that day or week➢REMEMBER MASLOWSlide 32
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Organizing WorkloadPriorities change as patient conditions changeTo maintain an organized workload you must:➢Write out a worksheet; list major tasks to accomplish➢Be flexible and frequently reorder your tasks➢Evaluate and reprioritize work plan at least every 2 hours➢Know when to ask for help and when to delegate a task to othersSlide 34
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Application of Problem Solving and Critical ThinkingGoal is to avoid having your decision cause injury to anyoneWith critical thinking skills, you can weigh many factors and skillfully solve problems, making good decisions a majority of the time Operating in critical thinking mode while pursuing nursing studies helps develop clinical judgment needed to practice safe nursingSlide 36
Question 2Which of the following nursing actions is the best example of problem solving?1)Requesting the IV team to start an antibiotic drip on a patient with a history of being a difficult stick2)Offering to call the kitchen to provide an alternate breakfast for a patient who does not like cooked cereal3)Trying several difficult wound dressings to determine which one the patient can apply the most effectively 4)Calling for another pain medication order when the current drug results in the patient experiencing nauseaSlide 37