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Understanding Neuroendocrine Physiology: Key Hormones and
Understanding Neuroendocrine Physiology: Key Hormones and
School
University of California, Berkeley
*
*We aren't endorsed by this school
Course
INTEGBI 148
Subject
Biology
Date
Dec 11, 2024
Pages
1
Uploaded by LieutenantSeaUrchinMaster1127
true endocrine
gland
extension of
hypothalamus
Neuroendocrine
Physiology
·
Hormones
:
Can hemical
Messenger
a
Types
of
Hormones
hormones
that
circulate
In
the
Hormones
can
be
tied
closely
to
nervous
system
1
circulating
normones
:
blood
I
can
activate
target
cell
far
1
Steroids
-
must
be
bound
to
carrier
proteins
Hyenas-have
pseudopes
is
blc
of
&
⊥
bidirectional
relationship
away
from
release
site
2
AA-Tyr
,
y
devitatives
·
Hormones
an
made
in
endocrine
cells
3
.
Polypeptide-transported
in
blood
Yesterminscaggssion
invertebra
as
&
bind
to
target
cells
which
have
receptors
2
.
Paracrine
hormones
:
only
affects
target
cells
near
site
for
said
Hormone
of
relead
3
.
Autocrine
hormone
:
affects
the
cell
that
⊥
T
self"
releases
the
hormone
afferent
neurons
cross e
the
Medulla
,
Types
of
Receptors
so
lett
brain
controls
right
side
of
body
1
Inside
cell
->
hormones
that
can
diffuse
Many
hormone
receptors
can
Neural
endocrine
link
ex
:
raising
right
hand
past
lipid
Membrane
(lipid
soluble
hormone)
be
regulated
by
negative
feedback
hypothalamus
linked
with
Cells/organs
distributed
2
Surface
cell
-
>
hormones
that
Can't
water
soluble
hormone)
1
.
Downregulation
&
levels
of
hormone
pituitary
gland
via
Types
of
endocrine
gland
,
thrughout
body
ormones
Receptors
-
>
glycoprotein
With
3
domain
J
#
of
receptors
infundibulum
1
Hypothalamus
1
.
Binding
domain
:
projects
outside
plasma
membrane
ex
:
<CPR
ex
:
Type
I
Diabetes
Dev
Of
PP
in
humans
2
Transmembrane
domain
j
⊥
downregulation
of
insulin
receptors
due
to
overstim
.
is
s-16
weeks
2
.
Pituitary
"master
gland"
3
.
Cytoplasmic
:
extends
into
cytoplasm
-
>
initiates
#tl
2.
upregulation
-t
hormone
secretion
of
pancreatic
3
.
Thyhid
+
parathyroid
domain
target
cell
response
↑
receptors
#
release
of
insulin
Effects
of
Hormones
on
4
Pancrease
Development
5
.
hI
tract
Pituitary
"Master
Gland"
secretes
hormones
1
Organizational
6
.
Adrenal
glands
7
Pineal
gland
(light
response
melatonin
Anterior
Pituitary
2
.
Activational
8
Gonads
(testes
&
ovanes)
Tropic
hormones
GH)
Stimulates
growth
pothalamus
prolactin
breast/milk
Pineal
Gland-set
bio
Clock
regulates
body
lemp
,
hunger
,
production
·
produces
melatonin
from
thirst
,
&
reproduction
Enkephalins
&
endorphins
tryptophan
sends
instruction
to
pituitary
/natural
opiates)
·
Melaton
is
released i
th
⊥
anterior
pituitary
gland
ACTH
-Stimulate
Corticosteroid
in
ADA
dan)
I
right
inhibits
release
FSH-follicle
stimulating
-
>
sperm
egg
production
Does
negativ
feedback
via
LS-stimulates
ovulation
·
invond
in
photopeodint
ent
trigger
TSH
thyroid
hormone
Synthesis
(thyrotropin)
psychological
change
MSH-Melanocyte
Stimulating
circadian
&circannual
rhythms
↑
haH
(human
growth
hormone
-Circadian
Rhythms
:
Clock
&
Reset
Mechanism
/
⊥
regulate
blood
Sugar
(like
the
pancreas
"
master
clock"
d
Posterior
Pituitary
&
Oxytocin
-
>
utems
&
Mammary
glands
·
ADH
(vasopressin)
-
>
Kidneys
stimulates
#20
reabsorption
in
Kidneys
constrict
anerioles
decrease
sweat
rate
Adrenal
Glands
Thywid
aland
sit
On
top
of
Kidneys
&
metabolic
basal
rale
Adrenal
Medulla
Adrenal
Cortex
Stimu
Synthesis
of
NakATR
As
alucocorticoids
-
>
Cortisol
Epinephrine
Mineral
corticoids
-
>
aldosterone
Stimulate
protein
Synthesis
Norepinephrine
sex
Sterids
(test
&
est)
&
use
of
glucose
&
fatty
acids
for
ATP
production
Aldoster
one
Stimulates
Kidneys
to
stimulate
lipolysis
Retain
Nat
&
excrete
IT
enhance
actions
of
catecholamines
Cortisol
-
mediates
run
to
stress
Cells
not
critical
for
regulate
dev
&
growth
of
nervous
action
decrease
of
blocks
immune
system
rXU
blood
glucose
tissued
bones
a
cell-secrete
glucagon/stims
liver
to
convert
Thyroid
PANCLUS
:
p
call-insulin
glycogen
-
>
glucose
clusters
of
endocrine
regulate
cell
metabolism
Islets
of
langerhans
:
cells
in
the
Pancras
APE
follicles
in
Scells
produce
omatostating
thyrid
produce
thyroxine
inhibits
release
of
&B
iter-enlarged
thyroid
gland
also
released
by
hypothalamus
from
hyperthymidism
or
Photoperiod
-
chan,
set
insulin
binds
to
receptors
on
target
hypothyroidism
e
in
cells
-
>
target
cells
take
up
ginos
secretes
Calcitonin
which
diff-
For
some
animal
The
-
>
lack
of
insulin
:
Type
I
Diabers
regulates
Cat2
in
blood
↑
-
>
lack
of
insulin
receptors
On
target
Cens
:
Type
#
⊥
calcitonin
inhibits
Osteoclasts
.
)
ex
:
Bears
during
hibernation
in
&
cat
2
in
bore
=
↑
Osteoblasts
ex
:
mark
burrows
osteoblasts
put
mon
Cat
in
bine
birds
overwintering
Parathyroid
(d)
Cat2
in
blord)
1
halgatomy
as
secretes
parathywid
hormone
/PTH)
PTH
raises
blood
Cat
leves
stimulates
Osteoclasts
stims
Kidneys
for
cat2
reabsorption
activates
Vit
P-
>
stims
digestin
tract
to
absorb
catz
neurohormones
peptide
normure
Y
corticotropin
releasing
-
hormone
CRH-ACTH
-
>
Cortisol
in
Is
Manas
↑
stress
=
adrenal
gland
glucon
metabolism
↓
glucocortisol
Shypothalams)(corticotropin)
(correx)
&
stress
resistance
in
AP
C
rate
&
neart
rate
also
when
motor
neuros
a
Conads
produce
sex
steroids
Androgens
:
testostere
e
progester
Testes
ovaries
·
secrete
testesterone
·
syn.
&
Secrete
estrogen
sperm
production
,
menstration
,
maturation
hair
thickness
&
growth
,
of
egg
cells
,
breast
dev
.
muscle
mass
,
deep
vic
Pregnancy
,
menopause
·
sperm
production
is
efficient
Production
of
egg
cells
&
low
T
than
body
T
So
begin
in
utero
-
testes
outside
body
Testerone
suppresses
immune
sys
↑
aggression/territorial
&
puberty
,
sex
hormones
&
stims
aggressive
behav
.
↑
patemal
behavior
It
as
cemaker
that
regulates
other
gonadotropins
(in
hypoth)
promotes
sperm
prod.
Mechanisms
controlling
circadian
ruymums
#
activates
sexual
behav
.
AP
LH
&
GSH
release
from
AP
~
served
rhythms
-
environment
sensory
pacemaker
-
by
after
eX
:
sunlight
receptors
clock
setting
keep
bio
clock
in
check
①
pigai s
⊥
Naked
more
rats
lack
a
armata
·
circadian
rhytm
-
>
diff
courtship
the
short-winged
↑
TesemAbsim
Toss
As
exibannered
Kangar
t
japanese
quail
Testerone
mak
es
a
nimals
-
biological
processes
circannual
cycle
recurring
on
an
aggressivel
territical
BT
the
trad
to
t
·
seasonal
breeding
annual
basis
I
die
youn
er
extbiddupie
ing
season
.
sociated
Reproduction
Did
Associated
raters
ar
Typical
,
a
e
.
g
:
red
deer
,
green
anoles
·
Hibernation
actit
and
Associated
=
↑
sex
hormones
,
mating
behavior
occur
simultaneously/in
close
Dissociated
=
Mating
behavior
occur
&
proximity
diff
time
than
peak
gonadal
Temporal
variation
am
ot
light
a
exposed
&
hormonal
activity
Diel
Activity
Patterns
Seasonal
patterns
to
daily
Female
Fruit
flies
Unable
-inrnal
=
active
during
day
v
[
to
get
sreggo
by
antr
a
often
highly
visual
fly
bla
semen
has
special
savirrels
-
>
retina
made
of
peptide
hormone
all
Cones
#
cturnal-active
during
night
rely
more
on
hearing
,
smell
,
touch
noctrinal
sq
=
retinas
made
of
Osteoclasts
:
dissolve
old
&damaged
bonts
all
rods
↓
steoblasts
:
form
new
bones
&
growth
to
sensative
to
light
but
no
color
infor
existing
bone
cells
↓
repuscular
active
&
dawn
&
dusk
Adaptations
in
Diving
Mammals
Photoreceptor
Affect
for
mod
a
US
Adaptations
such
as
greater
blood
volumed
Press
a
higher
[hemoglobin]
&
myoglobin]
allow
marine
&
Osmoreceptor
mammals
to
stay
underwater
j
Diving
reflex
Ow
HR
constricts
Mar
issues
Male
Praying
Mantis
some
diving
mammals
achieve
hypometabolic
continue
to
copulate
state
-
>
(a
metabolis
rate
lower
than
a
basal
rate(
even
after
hang
a
"no-brainer"
sex