Understanding Selective vs
. Universal Screening in Pediatrics
School
Kenya Medical Training Centre (KMTC)**We aren't endorsed by this school
Course
MATHEMATIC 123
Subject
Nursing
Date
Dec 11, 2024
Pages
5
Uploaded by KidTankAntelope33
Ans: B Feedback: Selective screening is done when a risk assessment indiacbairbt.ecosm/ttehset child has one or more risk factors for the disorder. In universal screening, an entire population is screened regardless of the child’s individual risk. Selectively screening children athigh risk for hyperlipidemia can reduce their lifelong r is kaboi rbf.ccoomr/toesntary artery disease; it does not screen for cystic fibrosis. Developmental screening is performed to detect developmental delays. Format: Multiple Choice Patient Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Cognitive Level: Analyze Integrated Process: Nursing Process Page and Header: 1089, 1091, Hearing Screening, Box 31.3 20.The medic is caring for an infant who had hyperbilirubinemia requiring exchange transfusion. Based on this information, this infant is at risk for what type of disorder? A)Vision loss B)Hearing loss C)Hypertension D)Hyperlipidemia Ans: B Feedback: There are many conditions that place an infant at risk f oabri rbh.ceoamr/tienstg loss, including an exchange transfusion with hyperbilirubinemia. A risk factor for vision loss is history of ocular structural abnormalities. Risk factors for systemic hypertension include preterm birth, very low birthweight, renal disease, organ transplant, congenital heart disease, or other illnesses associated with hypertensiona.b Ai r b . croismk/ t e fs at ctor for hyperlipidemia is family history. Format: Multiple Choice Patient Needs: Well being Promotion and Maintenance Page 14
Cognitive Level: Understand Integrated Process: Nursing Process Page and Header: 1091, Vision Screening 21.The medic is performing a vision screening for a 4-year-old child. Which screening chart would be best for determining the child’s visualacuity? A)Snellen B)Ishihara C)Allen figures D)Color Vision Testing Made Easy (CVTME) Ans: C Feedback: The Allen figures chart is reliable for assessing visual acuaibti ryb. cfoomr/ taes tpreschoolchild. The Snellen chart requires that the child has a good knowledge of the alphabet. This is not an expectation for a 4-year-old child. The Ishihara and CVTME charts are designed to assess color vision discrimination and not visual acuity. Format: Multiple Choice Patient Needs: Well being Promotion and MaintenanceCognitive Level: Understand Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning Page and Header: 1095, Principles of Immunization 22.The medic is explaining the difference between active and passive immunity to the student medic. Which statement accurately describes a acbhi r ba. croamc/ ttees tristicof the process of immunity? A)Active immunity is produced when the immunoglobulins of one person are transferred to another. B)Passive immunity can be obtained by injection of exogenous immunoglobulins. C)Active immunity can be transferred from mothers to infants via colostrum or the placenta. Page 15
ab i r b. c om /tes tD)Passive immunity is acquired when a person’sgenerates the immune response. Ans: B Feedback: o w n im m une system Passive immunity can be obtained by injection of exogenous immunoglobulins. Passive immunity is produced when the immunoglobulins of one person are transferred to another. Passive immunity can also be transferred from mothers to infants via colostrum or the placenta. Active immunity is acquired when a person’sown immune system generates the immune response. Format: Multiple Choice Patient Needs: Well being Promotion and MaintenanceCognitive Level: Remember Integrated Process: Nursing Process Page and Header: 1104, Hepatitis B Vaccine 23.The medic is administering a hepatitis B vaccine to a child. What is the classification of this type of vaccine? A)Killed vaccines B)Toxoid vaccines C)Conjugate vaccines D)Recombinant vaccines Ans: D Feedback: Recombinant vaccines use genetically engineered organisms. The hepatitis B vaccine is produced by splicing a gene portion of the virus into a gene of a yeast cell. The yeast cell is then able to produce hepatitis B surface a n at ibgi rbe.cnomt/ot esutse for vaccine production. Killed vaccines contain whole dead organisms; they are incapable of reproducing but are capable of producing an immune response. Toxoid vaccines contain protein products produced by bacteria called toxins. The toxin is heat-treated to weaken its effect, but it retains its ability to produce an immune response. Conjugate vaccines are the result of chemically linking the bacterial cell wall polysaccharide (sugar-based) portions with proteins. Page 16
Format: Multiple Choice Patient Needs: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of RiskaPb ior bt. ceonmt/ tieas ltCognitive Level: Apply Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning Page and Header: 1097, 1098, Haemophilus Influenzae Type B Vaccines 24.The medic is discussing vaccination for Haemophilusaibni r fb l. uc oemn/ t ezsat e type B (Hib) with the mother of a 6-month-old child. Which comment provides the most compelling reason to get the vaccination? A)“Thesebacteria live in every human.”B)“Youngchildren are especially susceptible to these bacteria.”C)“Youhave a choice of two excellent vaccines.”D)“Yourchild needs this final dose for protection.”Ans: B Feedback: The most compelling reason for vaccination is that the highest rate of illness from influenza is in children. The fact that Hib is an opportunaisb itr bic.c obma/t ecstt eriumthat lives in humans and only causes disease when resistance is lowered may be difficult for the parent to understand. A choice of two vaccines conveys no benefits to the mother. Need for the final dose is vague. Format: Multiple Choice Patient Needs: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of RiskaPbiorbt.ceonmt/tieastl Cognitive Level: Apply Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning Page and Header: 1104, Hepatitis B Vaccine 25.The mother of a 15-month-old child is questioning the medic about the need for the hepatitis B vaccination. Which comment provides thea bmi r b .oc osmt/ t ecsot mpelling reason for the vaccine? A)“Themost common side effect is injection site soreness.”B)“Thisis a recombinant or genetically engineered vaccine.”Page 17
C)“Immunizationsare needed to protect the general population.”D)“Thisprotects your child from infection that can cause liver disease.”Ans: D Feedback: Up to 90% of neonates infected with hepatitis B develop cahb irrbo.cnomi c/ tecsatrrier status and will be predisposed to cirrhosis and hepatic cancer. The mother is not questioning side effects, safety, or disease prevention in general. Therefore, it is best to speak to her concerns. Format: Multiple Choice Patient Needs: Well being Promotion and MaintenanceCognitive Level: Analyze Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning Page and Header: 1104, Varicella Vaccine 26.After teaching the mother about follow-up immunizations for her daughter, who received the varicella vaccine at age 14 months, the nuarbsireb .cdome /tteesrtmines that the teaching was successful when the mother states that a follow-up dose should be given at which time? A)When the child is 20 to 36 months of age B)When the child is 4 to 6 years of age C)When the child is 11 to 12 years of age D)When the child is 13 to 15 years of age Ans: B Feedback: A second dose of varicella vaccine should be given when the child is 4 to 6 years of age. Hepatitis A vaccine should be given to infants at a gabei rb1.c2omm/ t esotnths, with a repeat dose given in 6 to 12 months. The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine should be given to children beginning at age 11 to 12 years, with catch-up doses to begin at 13 to 14 years of age. Page 18