Impact of E-Books on Sleep Quality: AP Psychology Insights
School
Westlake High School**We aren't endorsed by this school
Course
PSYCHOLOGY AP
Subject
Psychology
Date
Dec 10, 2024
Pages
3
Uploaded by ConstableSalmon4799
AP PsychologyItem Code 1.2Quarter 1 AssessmentAAQYour response to the question should be provided in six parts: A, B, C, D, E, and F. Write the response to each part of the question in complete sentences. Use appropriate psychological terminology.Using the source provided, respond to all parts of the question.(A) Identify the research method used in the study.The research method would be a case study.(B) State the operational definition of sleepiness.Using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), participants self-reported on a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 is extremely alert and 10 is extremely sleepy, can’t keep awake.(C) Describe the meaning of one of the findings on the E-Book’s impact on sleep when compared to the findings of the printed books. The E-book has lower levels of melatonin suppression than the book(D) Identify at least one ethical guideline applied by the researchersEthical guidelines followed included informed consent, confidentiality, the right to withdraw, and compensation for participation.(E) Explain the extent to which the research findings may or may not be generalizable.No because it is a small sample size and we don’t know their ages so we cant really generalize them.(F)Explain how at least one of the research findings supports or refutes the researchers’ hypothesis that using an E-Book before sleep reduces sleep quality and duration.Hypothesis was supported because melatonin was reduced in e-booksIntroductionThe study "Evening use of light-emitting eReaders negatively affects sleep, circadian timing, and next-morning alertness" investigates the impact of using light-emitting electronic devices before bedtime. With the increase in their usage, there are growing concerns about their effects on sleep and overall health. The research aims to compare the biological effects of reading an electronic book (eBook) on a light-emitting device versus reading a printed book before sleep. Researchers hypothesize that when participants read a light emitting E-Book prior to sleep they would experience a lower quality of sleep and sleep less when compared to reading a print book before sleep. Participants
AP PsychologyItem Code 1.2The study involved 12 healthy young adults, six males and six females, with an average age of 24.92. The participants were screened extensively to ensure they were free from physical and psychological health issues, did not have sleep disorders, and were not on prescription medications. Ethical guidelines followed included informed consent, confidentiality, the right to withdraw, and compensation for participation. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board.MethodThe study used a randomized crossover design. Participants experienced both conditions at separate times:reading an eBook on a light-emitting device in very dim light for about four hours before bedtime over five consecutive evenings.reading a printed book, in very dim light for about four hours before bedtime over five consecutive evenings. Polysomnographic recordings were taken to assess sleep quality, and blood samples were also collected to measure melatonin levels. Participants' sleepiness was measured using the KarolinskaSleepiness Scale (KSS). Participants self-reported on a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 is extremely alert and 10 is extremely sleepy, can’t keep awake.Data
AP PsychologyItem Code 1.2Results and DiscussionWhen participants read the eBook before bedtime, it took longer to fall asleep, they had reduced melatonin secretion and exhibited a delay in their circadian timing compared to when they read a printed book. The eBook condition resulted in participants feeling less sleepy in the evening but more tired and less alert the next morning. This demonstrates that the use of light-emitting eReaders before bed can significantly disrupt sleep patterns and affect next-day alertness.The study concludes that using light-emitting eReaders before bedtime can delay sleep onset and disrupt circadian rhythms, leading to reduced sleep quality and next-morning alertness. These findings have important implications for understanding how modern technology affects sleep and overall health. The study suggests that minimizing the use of such devices before bedtime could improve sleep quality and daytime functioning.Study Available at:https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1418490112