Understanding Atypical Sex: DSM-5 Criteria and Paraphilic
School
University of Texas**We aren't endorsed by this school
Course
PSY 306
Subject
Psychology
Date
Dec 12, 2024
Pages
11
Uploaded by BailiffCrowPerson492
10/23110/23ATYPICAL SEXwhen it’s consensual and not causing distress → not considered a disorder when do those sexual variety become a disorderDSM-5 Criteria for Paraphilic Disorder differentiates between atypical human behavior and behavior that causes mental distress to a person or makes the person a serious threat to the psychological and / or physical well-being of othersto be classified as a paraphilic disorder individuals must:feel personal distress about their interest and/ or have a sexual desire or behavior that involves another person’s psychological distress, injury, or death, or a desire for sexual behavior that involves unwilling persons or persons unable to give legal consent Paraphilic Disorders Listed in DSM-5courtship disorders voyeuristic disorderexhibitionistic disorder frotteuristic disorder involve a non-consensual individual engaging in an activity that is unasked or unwanted by the observer pain and sufferingsexual masochism disorder
10/232sexual sadism disorder a lot of people engage in these acts as a sexual variety if it’s causing physical or emotional harm to either oneself or other person → wouldmeet the disorderor if it is causing a great level of distress anomalous target preferencespedophilic disorderinvolved a non consenting individualfetishistic disorder transvetic disorder these two are more focused on oneself → only diagnosed as a mental disorder if the person engaging in them are very distressed Paraphilic Disorder NOSinvolve a nonconsensual individual → meets criteria Prevalenceaffects primarily malestrue prevalence unknown really hard to get statistics on true prevalence ratesbehaviors can be illegal why don’t people report ? People don’t want to change their behavior → primary source of sexual output most report becoming aware of paraphilias during early adolescencecritical period of forming sexual preferences often coexistence of more than on (exhibitionistic, voyeuristic, frotteuristic disorders often cluster)Courtship Disorders
10/233Exhibitionistic Disordersexual arousal from the exposure of one’s genitals to a nonconsenting person orgasm results from masturbation during or after the exposure or while fantasizing about exposing himselfaccounts for 1/3 of all sex crimescollege survey 12%men, >40% women had witnessed at least one episode best thing for a woman to do in this situation is to laugh modern → remote acts of dick pics30-40% think that women would be turned on by thismisreading of sexual cross readingreceivers’ act of shock and horror that is appealing Voyeuristic Disordersexual arousal from observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, in process of disrobing, engaging in sexual activity, urinating or defecating generally no sexual activity soughtat least 18 years of ageappeals to the male psychology of visual cuesmost commonFrotteuristic Disorder (mashing) sexual arousal from touching or rubbing against a non-consenting person usually in crowded places ( e.g., buses, elevators)college survey: 24% women, 7% men reported being victim of frotteurismso common in Japan but not appreciated by women → women only buses / carsPain & Suffering
10/234BDSM vs Paraphilic DisorderA variety of often erotic practices or roleplayingkey difference from paraphilic disorder is it involves mutually consenting adults does not cause distress to either partydoes not exclude partner’s pleasure BDSM actions usually take place during specific period of time agreed to by both parties, referred to as a “play session”terms “submissive” and “dominant” often used to distinguish roles“dorm” takes psychological control over the “sub”BDSM is consentual and incorporated in relationships → culture, parties, clubs, and staged equipmentBondage & DisciplineDomination & SubmissionSadism & Masochism inflicting pain or receiving painphysical and also emotional pain or humiliation more subs than domsless common for fem domsgrey area between variety and what is considered a disorder
10/235biggest difference is BDSM is about roleplaying and mutual gratification and does not exclude a partner’s sexual pleasure The person committing sadistic act they are getting sexual pleasure from that but happy that partner is also receiving that sexual pleasure usage of safe words to prevent it from going to farSexual Sadism Disordersexual arousal from the physical or psychological suffering of another person (real not simulated)named after the Marquis do Sade, 19th century French nobleman/writer whose many novels (e.g., Justine, Juliette) equate cruelty, pain, humiliation from erotic pleasureJack the Ripper, Jeffrey Dahmer were sadists — killing led to sexual arousal for themnot play acting → actually realthe act is diagnosableSexual Masochism Disordersexual arousal from the act of being humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer as manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviorsonly clinically diagnosed if causes distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning named after Leopold von Sacher-Masoch an Austrian nobleman/writer (1836 - 1895) whose novels such as Venus in Furs reflected his personal erotic pre-occupation with pain, humiliation, submissionacts often include: blindfolding, paddling, spanking, whipping, beating, electrical shock, cutting, pinning and piercing, humiliation (being urinated or defacted upon), subjected to verbal abuse, being forced to crawl/ act like a dog, etcthe pain and suffering is put upon oneself so it only is diagnosed if the person is distressed about having this disorder or if it is really destroying their occupational or social functioning hypoxyphilia (autoerotic asphyxia) — sexual arousal by oxygen deprivation to the brain via chest compression, noose, plastic bag, etc
10/236estimated ~500-1000 young men die via hypoxyphilia in US each year; 30% adolescent hanging death attributed to practice deprivation of oxygen at the point of orgasm is supposed to intensify orgasm → very dangerousAnomalous Target Preferences Fetishistic Disordermost common of the paraphilias so much that the pornographic industry makes a profit from this sexual arousal from either the use of nonliving objects or a highly specific focus on nongenital body part(s)most fetishes related to body (e.g., buttocks, legs, feet, hair, body fluid)partialism - focus on specific body part“Devotees” - arousal to amputation stump“Wannabes” - arousal to thought of having an amputation media fetishism → desire directed toward materials (e.g., leather, silk, fur)only diagnosed if causes distress or impairments in functioning 25% of pornographic industry profitsimpairments → can’t function in a normal environment → sees the object and gets sexually aroused to the point of masturbation or can’t get into a functioning relationship as the desire for the object is too intensedon’t care about the person but rather are aroused on the object or part of the personvery rare to be sexually aroused by an actual object such as balloons or a table theory → pairing of the object with something that is sexually arousing that it becomes linked women’s hair → causing impairment to sexual functioning as all he wanted to do was get off on the woman’s hair which they did not find enjoyable → developed as a young
10/237boy and would rub a Barbie doll (and her hair) to get pleasure → developed into a fantasy a hierarchy from a fantasy of an action to a real life actionTransvestic Disorder there were many reasons to cross dress and not just sexualwomen → to open up more job opportunitiessome roleplay to add some sexual variety in their sex life nothing to do with transgender individuals or gender dysphoria trans people were clothing opposite to cisgender in order to feel more comfortable and congruent with their sexual identity → not for purposes of sexual arousal persistent, intense sexual arousal from fantasizing about or acting on urges to dress as opposite genderprimarily heterosexual malesnot to be confused with transsexualism - do not seek sex reassignment surgery and do not cross dress to be consistent with gender identity autogynephilia - sexual aroused by imaging self as woman sexual aroused by the image of themselves as a woman Pedophilic Disorder Pedophilic Disorder sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving sexual activity with a prepubescent ( generally age 13 or younger )has acted out these desires or experiences sig distress as a result of desiresperson at least 16 years old and at least 5 years older than child usually, those who act on this behavior are diagnosed with a mental disorder → it is also illegal
10/238if they are significantly distressed on the fact that they are sexually aroused to a child → meets criteria what about fantasizing and masturbating to pictures of children but do not meet criteria? debate on DSM wording, controversial traumatic experience of the abuse alongside the trauma of being betrayed by someone in power and who you put trust inprevalence unknownestimated ~5% male populationprimarily seen in males; small % femalesfemale case → school teacher or babysitter not really young children ex. high school teacher in Seattle in a sexual relationship with a 13 y/o student → convicted and maintained their relationship → married and had children ex. pediatric nurses who reported being sexually aroused to infants and extremely distressed on these urges. They weren’t really aroused by these infant but in fact met the criteria for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). generally becomes apparent age 12-14 (same time males become aware of their attraction to females or males)may be exclusively heterosexual ( most common), homosexual, bisexualsome only attracted to children; some adults as wellabused to abuser theory → does not hold completelywe like to adhere to this theory as pedophilia is so disturbing so we identify people with intense history of sexual abuse to beware of. It’s just not the case~20% of pedophiles have history of sexual abusemost people with history of CSA don’t become pedophilesassessment: self-report (reliable?), sexual behavior history ( use of child pornography), viewing time, phallometry
10/239megan’s law: sex offender registry, notification if sex offender moves into locality ex. eloquently spoken man who was employed in top company → sold son to pedophiles for their pleasure Biological?pedophiles vs. sex offender of adultslower IQ(~88)failed more classes as youthmore head injuries < ages 13shortermore likely left-handed (30% vs 8% normal population)perhaps this is evidence that the problem started in the womb?Causes / Theories genetic / biologicaltends to run in familiesbrain damageprenatal differenceslearning conditioned sexual responsesociologicalallows enactment of opposite social roleunderlying impulse-control disorder or OCDunknown Treatmentbehavioral techniques
10/2310aversion therapyorgasmic reconditioning cognitive behavioral techniquesteach how to recognize and avoid risky situationspharmacologicaltestosterone blockersurgical castrationreview of 99 castrated pedophiles3% recidivism vs 46% (non castrated pedophiles)can be reversed if administered testosterone (call back to previous section)Paraphilic Disorders NOSZoophilia arousal to engaging in sex with animalsNecrophiliasexual arousal to a corpse or something acting as if they were dead Urophiliasexual arousal to being urinated upon or swallowing Coprophiliasexual arousal to being smeared with or ingesting fecesGerontophiliasexual arousal to someone parental or of grand parental ageHybristophiliasexual arousal to have sex with someone known to have committed serious sex crimesKilsmaphilia
10/2311sexual arousal to being given an enema Somnophiliasexual arousal to intruding upon and awakening a sleeping stranger with erotic caresses and oral sex, not involving force or violence Troilismsexual arousal to viewing one’s partner engaging in sex with another person Formicophiliasexual arousal to sensations produced by small creatures creeping, crawling or nibbling the genitalia and peri-anal areaMysophilia sexual degradation by smell, chewing or otherwise utilizing sweaty or solid cloths or article of menstrual hygiene