Phonetics and Phonology: Key Concepts and Practice Tips
School
University of California, Irvine**We aren't endorsed by this school
Course
LINGUIS 3
Subject
Linguistics
Date
Dec 12, 2024
Pages
3
Uploaded by ProfessorThunder5677
Week 1a Notes: Phonetics and Phonology OverviewKey Topics:1.Phonetics vs. Phonology○Phonetics: Studies physical sound properties (production, transmission,perception).○Phonology: Examines sound systems, patterns, and rules in languages.2.Branches of Phonetics○Articulatory: How speech sounds are produced.○Acoustic: Physical properties of sound waves.○Auditory: How sounds are processed by the brain.3.Speech Sounds Diversity○Languages have unique sound inventories:■English: 25 consonants, 15 vowels.■Ubyx: 84 consonants, 2 vowels.■Hawaiian: 8 consonants, 5 vowels.4.Speech Production○Starts with lungs; airflow shaped by pharynx, larynx, and oral/nasalcavities.○Some languages use non-lung mechanisms for sound production.English Consonants1.Described by Three Features:○Laryngeal State (Voicing):■Voiceless: No vocal fold vibration (e.g., /p/ in "pig").■Voiced: Vocal folds vibrate (e.g., /b/ in "big").○Place of Articulation:■Location of constriction in the vocal tract (e.g., lips, alveolar ridge).○Manner of Articulation:■How the airflow is modified (e.g., stop, fricative).2.Paired Consonants(Same place and manner, differ by voicing):○Voiceless: /p/, /t/, /k/, /s/, etc.○Voiced: /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, etc.○Example pairs: "pig" (voiceless /p/) vs. "big" (voiced /b/).3.Unpaired Consonants:○Voiceless: /h/, glottal stop.○Voiced: /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, etc.
4.Places of Articulation:○Bilabial: Lips (e.g., /p/, /b/, /m/).○Labio-dental: Lower lip + upper teeth (e.g., /f/, /v/).○Dental: Tongue tip + upper teeth (e.g., /θ/, /ð/).○Alveolar: Tongue tip + alveolar ridge (e.g., /t/, /d/, /s/, /z/).○Post-Alveolar: Tongue blade + area behind ridge (e.g., /ʃ/, /ʒ/).○Palatal: Tongue dorsum + hard palate (e.g., /j/).○Velar: Tongue dorsum + soft palate (e.g., /k/, /g/, /ŋ/).○Glottal: Vocal folds (e.g., /h/, glottal stop).5.Active vs. Passive Articulators:○Active: Moving part (e.g., tongue, lips).○Passive: Fixed part (e.g., alveolar ridge).○Examples:■Labial: Bilabial, labio-dental.■Coronal: Dental, alveolar, post-alveolar.■Dorsal: Palatal, velar.■Laryngeal: Glottal.Practice Tips:●Distinguishvoicedvs.voicelessconsonants.●Recognizeplaceandmanner of articulation.●Useminimal pairs(e.g., "big" vs. "pig") for practice.
When comparing the beginning sounds of the two English words below, in whatlinguistic feature do they differ?cake; gateManner of articulationLaryngeal state (voicing status)Place of articulationWhen comparing the beginning sounds of the two English words below, in whatlinguistic feature do they differ?problem; tongueManner of articulationPlace of articulationLaryngeal state (voicing status)When comparing the ending sounds of the two English words below, in what linguisticfeature do they differ?read; stoppedManner of articulationLaryngeal state (voicing status)Place of articulation