Understanding the Foundations and Evolution of Information
School
Universiti Teknologi Mara**We aren't endorsed by this school
Course
IMC 402
Subject
Information Systems
Date
Dec 11, 2024
Pages
26
Uploaded by KidHippopotamus3854
Perspectives Of Information Science FieldCHAPTER 1
www.presentationgo.comTopics coveredTopics covered1. Basic concepts, theories and definitions 2. Evolution of information Science 3. Information Science as a discipline
www.presentationgo.comDefine and analyse the extent and importance of Information Science as a field of study in academia.03Examine the chronological progression and transformation of Information Science as an academic. discipline02Provide a clear and concise explanation of the basic principles, ideas, and terminologies in the field of Information Science.01Upon successful completion of the topic, students will be able to:-
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www.presentationgo.comBasic elements and the core of Information science•Information Science is a dynamic and multifaceted discipline that explores the theoretical foundations, practical applications, and societal implications of information. •As an interdisciplinary field, it intersects with various domains including computer science, library science, cognitive science, and communication studies. •The perspectives of Information Science provide a comprehensive understanding of how information is generated, processed, disseminated, and utilized in different contexts. •To solve modern problems in many areas that involve managing data, information, and knowledge, it is important to understand how Information Science works from different points of view.
www.presentationgo.comBasic concepts, theories and definitions The term "information" has evolved over centuries, encompassing a broad range of meanings across different disciplinesTraditionally, information is understood as data that has been processed and organized in a meaningful way, allowing for comprehension and utility in decision-making processesTraditionally, information is understood as data that has been processed and organized in a meaningful way, allowing for comprehension and utility in decision-making processes..In the digital age, the concept of information has expanded significantly, particularly with the advent of information and communication technologies (ICTs). It includes any form of communication or representation of knowledge, whether in the form of text, images, audio, or symbolsIInformation now plays a crucial role in almost every aspect of human activity, including education, healthcare, business, and governance, where it is seen as a fundamental resource for driving progress and innovation (Rowley & Hartley, 2020.
www.presentationgo.comBasic concepts, theories and definitions•The term "science" refers to the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation. •Science aims to build a body of knowledge that is based on empirical evidence, and it is characterized by the use of methodologies that seek to eliminate biases, ensure reproducibility, and allow for the accumulation of facts and theories over time. •The essence of science lies in its ability to provide explanations and predictions about natural phenomena, making it a powerful tool for advancing technology and improving human understanding of the universe (Schneider & Gerstl, 2020)
www.presentationgo.comBasic concepts, theories and definitions•"Information science" is an interdisciplinary field that merges the principles of information and science to study the collection, classification, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of information. •This field emerged in the mid-20th century as a response to the growing need for managing the vast amounts of data generated by technological advancements. Information science integrates concepts from computer science, library science, cognitive science, and communications to address challenges related to information systems, digital libraries, and information retrieval. •It focuses on understanding how people interact with information systems and how these systems can be designed to improve access to information. •The field has evolved rapidly, especially with the rise of big data and artificial intelligence, highlighting the increasing importance of information as a critical asset in modern society (Bawden & Robinson, 2020).
www.presentationgo.comDefinition of Information Sciencehttps://www.success.co.il/is/conceptions.html
www.presentationgo.comTheories of Information Science
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www.presentationgo.comHistory and Evolution of Information ScienceInformation science traces its origins to early human knowledge management practices, including the collection and organization of information in ancient libraries and archives, such as those from the Abyssinian EmpirInnovations included Joseph Marie Jacquard's punched card system (1801) and Charles Babbage's early computersPaul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine are recognized as pioneers of modern information scienceThe mid-20th century saw a shift towards automatic devices for information retrieval and storage. By the 1960s and 70s, the field transitioned from batch processing to online systems and embraced interdisciplinary approaches01020304The Documentation Era (Late 19th to Early 20th Century) - Early Beginnings:The Information Retrieval Era (1940s to 1960s) - Nineteenth Century:The Information Systems Era (1970s to 1980s) - European DocumentationThe Digital and Networked Era (1990s to Present) - Transition to Modern Information Science
www.presentationgo.comPioneer Of Information Science KnowledgeGottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, a philosopher who made significant contributions to what is now called "information science."Joseph Marie JacquardPaul Otlet, a founder of modern information science."Vannevar Bush, a famous informationscientist, 1940.
www.presentationgo.comInformation Science
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www.presentationgo.comInformation Science In The Prominent Subjects/Disciplines•Information Science is a multidisciplinary field that focuses on the collection, organization, retrieval, and dissemination of information. •It integrates principles from computer science, library science, and data management to improve how information is processed and utilized. •This discipline plays a crucial role in managing data across various sectors, enhancing access to knowledge, and supporting informed decision-making as displayed in the following discussions:
www.presentationgo.comInformation Science In The Prominent Subjects/Disciplines
www.presentationgo.comThe Application Of Information Science In This Course/Subjects/Disciplines
www.presentationgo.comThe Characteristics of Information ScienceInformation Behavior•Understanding information behavior is critical in information science as it provides insights into how individuals search for, use, and interpret information. This characteristic emphasizes the need to analyze user interactions with information to design services and systems that align with user needs. Savolainen (2020) underscores that comprehending the context in which information is sought and used is essential for improving information access and usability. By studying these behaviors, researchers and practitioners can develop more effective strategies to support users in finding and utilizing information efficiently.Digital Curation and Preservation•Digital curation and preservation are vital for ensuring the long-term accessibility and integrity of digital content. As the volume of digital information grows, effective strategies for managing and safeguarding this information become increasingly important. Greenberg (2022) discusses the challenges and strategies associated with digital preservation, highlighting that maintaining the usability and accessibility of digital resources is crucial for preserving cultural and historical assets for future generations.Knowledge Management•Knowledge management is essential for leveraging organizational knowledge to drive innovation, enhance decision-making, and improve performance. This characteristic focuses on the systematic management of knowledge assets to facilitate their effective use. Smith and Jones (2021) emphasize that collaborative technologies play a significant role in enhancing knowledge sharing within organizations. Effective knowledge management practices enable organizations to harness their intellectual capital and foster a culture of continuous improvement and learning.
www.presentationgo.comThe Characteristics of Information ScienceInformation Literacy•Information literacy is crucial for equipping individuals with the skills to effectively locate, evaluate, and use information. This characteristic underpins academic success, informed decision-making, and active participation in the digital age. O’Connor and Green (2022) highlight the importance of innovative approaches to information literacy education, arguing that improving these skills is essential for navigating the increasingly complex information landscape and ensuring that individuals can make informed choices.Ethical Considerations•Ethical considerations are a fundamental aspect of information science, particularly concerning data privacy and security. Addressing ethical issues helps ensure that information practices are responsible and respect user rights. Liu and Chen (2023) discuss the ethical implications of data security, emphasizing the need for responsible data management to protect user privacy and maintain trust. Ethical considerations also involve managing the risks associated with misinformation and data misuse.Interdisciplinary Collaboration•Interdisciplinary collaboration is crucial for tackling complex problems and advancing research in information science. By integrating insights from various disciplines, researchers can develop more comprehensive solutions and innovative approaches. Smith and Jones (2021) highlight the benefits of interdisciplinary collaboration, noting that combining diverse expertise can lead to more effective problem-solving and richer research outcomes. This characteristic underscores the importance of cross-disciplinary partnerships in addressing multifaceted information-related challenges.
www.presentationgo.comThe Characteristics of Information ScienceData Management and Analytics•Effective data management and analytics are essential for deriving meaningful insights from large volumes of data. This characteristic involves the systematic handling and analysis of data to support informed decision-making. Chen and Zhang (2021) discuss the methods and applications of big data analytics, emphasizing the importance of sophisticated data management techniques for leveraging data’s full potential. Proper data handling and analytical capabilities enable organizations to make data-driven decisions and improve their operational efficiency.User-Centric Design•User-centric design is crucial for creating information systems and services that effectively meet user needs and expectations. Focusing on the user experience helps ensure that systems are intuitive and accessible. Miller and Davis (2022) highlight the importance of user-centric design in improving the usability and effectiveness of information systems. By prioritizing user needs, designers can create solutions that enhance user satisfaction and engagement.Information Behavior in Context•Analyzing information behavior in context is essential for understanding how different factors influence information use and needs. This characteristic emphasizes the importance of context in shaping how individuals interact with information. Savolainen (2020) argues that considering the context in which information is sought and used is crucial for developing effective information services and resources. Understanding these contextual factors can lead to more targeted and relevant information solutions.
www.presentationgo.comThe Importance of Information Science1. Facilitating Research and InnovationResearch Efficiency•IS tools and methodologies enhance the efficiency of academic and industrial research by providing robust information retrieval systems, databases, and data analytics tools.•Bibliometric analysis, a technique grounded in IS, helps researchers evaluate the impact of their work and identify emerging trends in their fields (Julien & O’Brien, 2020).Data Management•Effective data management is a cornerstone of successful research. IS provides frameworks for data curation, storage, and retrieval, ensuring that data remains reliable and accessible.•Advances in IS have led to the development of sophisticated data mining and machine learning algorithms that drive innovation across various sectors (Wang & Strong, 2021).
www.presentationgo.comThe Importance of Information Science2.Advancing Education and LearningCurriculum Integration•Information literacy, a key component of Information Science, is integrated into educational curricula to equip students with the skills necessary to locate, evaluate, and use information effectively. •Information Science principles are used to develop educational technologies and digital learning environments, enhancing the quality of education (Case & Given, 2020).Support for Educators and Learners•Information Science supports educators by providing tools and resources for curriculum development, instructional design, and assessment. •Digital repositories and open educational resources (OER) ensure that both educators and students have access to a wealth of information and learning materials (Bates, 2020)
www.presentationgo.comThe Importance of Information Science3. Supporting Informed Decision-MakingIn Public Policy and Governance•Policymakers rely on accurate and timely information to make decisions that affect public welfare. Information Science provides the tools and methodologies for effective information gathering, analysis, and dissemination (van Dijk, 2020). •Information systems and databases developed through Information Science principles support transparency and accountability in governance by providing public access to government data.In Business and Industry•Businesses use Information Science to manage information systems that support operations, strategic planning, and competitive intelligence. •Customer relationship management (CRM) systems, enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, and data analytics platforms are all products of Information Science, helping businesses make data-driven decisions (Davenport & Prusak, 2020).
www.presentationgo.comThe Importance of Information Science4. Promoting Digital Inclusion and EquityBridging the Digital Divide•Information Science plays a critical role in addressing the digital divide by developing and implementing strategies to ensure equitable access to information and communication technologies (ICTs). •Community informatics, a subfield of Information Science, focuses on using ICT to support social and economic development in marginalized communities (Gurstein, 2021).Enhancing Digital Literacy•Digital literacy initiatives, grounded in Information Science, aim to equip individuals with the skills needed to effectively use digital technologies and navigate the digital world. •Programs and workshops on digital literacy help individuals understand how to protect their privacy, assess the credibility of online information, and use digital tools for personal and professional growth (Hargittai, 2020).
www.presentationgo.comObjectives of Information Science•Information Organization and Retrieval•Data Analysis and Management•Advancements in Information Technology•Knowledge Management•Ethical Information Use