Understanding Refugees, Terrorism, and Migration Trends
School
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill**We aren't endorsed by this school
Course
PWAD 444
Subject
Sociology
Date
Dec 12, 2024
Pages
8
Uploaded by jeffuyu
Terrorism, Refugees, and the Fear of MigrationUNC, PWAD 444Professor Navin Bapat, Fall Semester 2024Presentation by Jennifer Davis
Outline1.What is a Refugee, Asylum Seeker, IDP?2.Global Trends in Forced Displacement3.Refugees & Migration in the United States4.Nexus Between Refugees & Terrorism?5.Discussion
Refugees, Asylum Seekers, and IDPsRefugees: Forced to leave home country due to persecution, violence, or conflict that makes it unsafe for them to return. Protected by 1951 United Nations Refugee Convention, which outlines refugees' rights, including the right to non-refoulement•Asylum Seekers: Left their home country to seek safety and protection from persecution but have not yet been legally recognized as refugees. They seek asylum in another country/on its soil.•Internally Displaced Person: Forced to leave their home but remain in their country of nationality. Not eligible for international refugee law protection or many types of aid. Under the jurisdiction and protection of their government.
Global Refugee and Migration TrendsNumber of Forcibly Displaced: Currently, ~120 million people worldwide are forcibly displaced due to persecution, conflict, and violence.1 in every 68 peopleon earth is forcibly displaced.Global refugeepopulation increased by 7% in 2023 to 44 million. Compared to a decade ago, total number of refugees has tripled.68 million people are internally displaced within their own country.Where?69% of refugeesremain in neighboring countries. 75% of refugees live in low- and middle-income countries.Who?73% of refugees under UNHCR protection originate from just five countries — Afghanistan, Syria, Venezuela, Ukraine, and South Sudan.Camps: Approximately 22%of refugees (~6.6 million)live in refugee camps. The average length of displacement ranges between 10 and 15 years, with children growing up without knowing any other home.
Nationality of Refugees
Where Refugees Settle
Disorder at the U.S. Border•Rising Migration at the Border: For over a decade, migration to the U.S. southern border has increased dramatically. Between October 2019 and June 2024, U.S. CBP reported nearly 11 million “border encounters.” In December 2023, CBP encountered nearly 12,000 people at the border every day. •Unauthorized immigrants: In 2022, the number of unauthorized immigrants in the U.S. was 11 million (highest level was 12.7 million in 2007 under Bush admin).•Daily Legal Arrivals of Refugees/Immigrants: ~2,200 immigrants or refugees are invited to become permanent residents of the United States each day. •U.S. Comprehensive Strategy (2020-2024): •Agreements with countries in the region and regularization in those countries•Increase lawful pathways (e.g. refugee resettlement, CHNV parole•Increase enforcement and repatriations•Limit access to asylum claims•Success: Resulted in significant drops in border encounters; 98% drop for CHNV
Nexus Between Refugees & Terrorism?•Readings: The Journey Home& Trojan Horse, Copycat, or Scapegoat•Low Nexus: Generally low nexus, especially in developed countries, between refugee resettlement and terrorism.•Refugee screening is rigorous (more than for other immigrants)•Increase in domestic terrorism againstrefugees•Factors that can contribute to an increased risk of terrorism:•Forcibly displaced person coming from a country with high violence (e.g. Syria, Afghanistan), more likely to facilitate terrorism•Camps: Refugees remain in camps with squalid conditionsand no hope, more likely to be indoctrinated.•Using Fear of Migrants:•In domestic politics•In foreign policy (e.g. Turkey, Belarus)