BIOLOGY-TESTCf2p#T卡QCPD#3Ll户--
.docx
School
Albertus Magnus College**We aren't endorsed by this school
Course
BIOLOGY 1000
Subject
Biology
Date
Dec 16, 2024
Pages
6
Uploaded by ColonelGoldfinch4833
```Exam Name: Molecular Dynamics and Cellular InterplayExam Time: 2 HoursTotal Score: 100Instructions:1. Answer all questions to the best of your ability.2. Show all your work for calculation-based questions.3. For questions involving graphs or charts, provide a detailed analysis with clear explanations.4. This exam is designed to test your understanding at a graduate level in biology.5. Multiple-choice questions are worth 2 points each, short answer questions are worth 5 points each, and calculation questions are worth 10 points each.6. Total the points for each section to obtain your score.7. If any question seems unclear, please write a clarification and your best interpretation.---1. Multiple Choice (20 points)Which of the following is NOT considered a nucleotide base found in DNA?A) AdenineB) GuanineC) CytosineD) UracilE) Thymine---2. Short Answer (5 points)Explain the process of transcription, including the role of RNA polymerase and the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription.---3. Calculation (10 points)Given a DNA sequence with 2000 base pairs and an average binding energy of -10.6 kcal/mol per hydrogen bond, calculate the energy required to denature the DNA at a temperature of 95°C.---4. Short Answer (5 points)
Define the term "endocytosis" and describe the two main types of endocytosis, citing an example for each.---5. Multiple Choice (2 points)Which of the following is the primary purpose of the cell membrane?A) Regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cellB) Providing structure and supportC) Facilitating cell divisionD) Storing genetic information---6. Short Answer (5 points)In what ways does DNA replication differ from transcription, and what is the significance of these differences for cellular processes?---7. Calculation (10 points)If a certain gene has 3000 nucleotide bases and the probability of a single base mutation is 1in 10,000, calculate the probability of no mutations occurring in a single replication event for this gene.---8. Multiple Choice (2 points)Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and steroids in eukaryotic cells?A) MitochondriaB) ChloroplastsC) Endoplasmic ReticulumD) Lysosomes---9. Short Answer (5 points)Discuss the role of DNA polymerase during DNA replication and how it ensures the fidelity of the process.---10. Calculation (10 points)
A genetic mutation occurs in a population with an initial frequency of 0.05. If the mutation confers a selective advantage of 5%, calculate the frequency of the mutation after one generation if there are no other evolutionary forces acting on it.---11. Multiple Choice (2 points)The process by which cells move to different parts of the body is known as:A) MitosisB) MeiosisC) Cell differentiationD) Cell migration---12. Short Answer (5 points)Describe the significance of the cell cycle checkpoints and their role in maintaining the integrity of the genome.---13. Calculation (10 points)In a double-blind experiment, the null hypothesis states that the mean growth rate of two plant species is the same. After testing, the p-value is found to be 0.02. What conclusion can you draw from this result?---14. Multiple Choice (2 points)Which of the following is a correct pairing of an organelle and its primary function?A) Chloroplasts - photosynthesisB) Mitochondria - protein synthesisC) Nucleus - lipid synthesisD) Lysosomes - DNA replication---15. Short Answer (5 points)Compare and contrast the functions of histones and nucleosomes in the packaging of DNA within the nucleus.---
16. Multiple Choice (2 points)Which of the following is NOT a primary function of ribosomes?A) Translation of mRNA into proteinsB) DNA replicationC) Synthesis of lipidsD) Assembly of proteins---17. Calculation (10 points)A mutation in a gene leads to a fitness cost of 0.1. If the population size is 1000 and the mutation arises in 1 individual, calculate the expected number of individuals carrying the mutation in the next generation.---18. Short Answer (5 points)Explain the concept of gene flow and its potential impact on the genetic diversity of a population.---19. Multiple Choice (2 points)The organelle that is involved in the synthesis of new cell membrane material is the:A) Golgi apparatusB) PeroxisomesC) Endoplasmic ReticulumD) Mitochondria---20. Short Answer (5 points)Describe the structure of a virus and explain how it replicates using the host cell's machinery.---21. Multiple Choice (2 points)Which of the following is a correct pairing of a type of cell death and its mechanism?A) Apoptosis - necrosisB) Necrosis - programmed cell deathC) Autophagy - digestion of intracellular componentsD) Apoptosis - lysis of cells
---22. Short Answer (5 points)Discuss the importance of feedback mechanisms in the regulation of gene expression.---23. Calculation (10 points)A population has a birth rate of 0.2 per individual per year and a death rate of 0.05 per individual per year. Calculate the population growth rate for the first year.---24. Multiple Choice (2 points)The process of evolution that occurs when individuals from different populations interbreed is known as:A) SpeciationB) Genetic driftC) Gene flowD) Natural selection---25. Short Answer (5 points)Explain the concept of the "central dogma" in molecular biology and its implications for cellular processes.---26. Calculation (10 points)In a study, the average height of a population of trees is 10 meters with a standard deviationof 2 meters. If 10 new trees are planted and the average height of these trees is 12 meters, calculate the new average height of the population.---27. Short Answer (5 points)Discuss the role of the Golgi apparatus in the modification, sorting, and transport of proteins.---
28. Multiple Choice (2 points)Which of the following is NOT a type of cell junction?A) DesmosomesB) Gap junctionsC) Tight junctionsD) Mitochondrial junctions---29. Short Answer (5 points)Explain the significance of the double-helix structure of DNA in terms of its stability and replication.---30. Calculation (10 points)If a certain gene has a mutation rate of 1 in 100,000 and the population size is 10,000, calculate the expected number of individuals with the mutation after one generation.```