Guided Notes - Mesoamerican and Andean Civilizations (1)
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Warren High School**We aren't endorsed by this school
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HISTORY 12
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Anthropology
Date
Dec 17, 2024
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5
Uploaded by DeanWaterCrane49
Mesoamerican and Andean Civilizations Glossary TERM DEFINITION anthropologists pre-Columbian a term used to describe cultural developments in the Americas prior to the arrival of Christopher Columbus and the Spanish conquest of the region Mesoamerica Andean Amerindian Maya Aztec Inca classical Olmec polytheistic vernal equinox spring equinox; a day in which the sun crosses the plane of the equator, making night and day of about equal length; occurs around March 21 conquistadors chinampas small, human-made islands that are built up and used for farming; developed as a farming technique in the Valley of Mexico Chavin quipu a group of knotted strings of various colors attached to each other; used by the ancient Inca for recording events or maintaining financial records ObjectiveIn this lesson, you will Copyright © 2019 Edmentum Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright © 2019 Edmentum Inc. All Rights Reserved.Early Origins Some historians and _________________ believe that the first humans to arrive in the Americas came across the ___________ ______________ from ______________ around _______________ years ago. For each box on the map, identify the appropriate pre-Columbian civilization: Maya, Aztec, Inca The Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations developed outside of the major world network. In these boxes, summarize the advantages and disadvantages of this isolation for these pre-Columbian Amerindian societies.‘_____________________________________ ____________________________________________ __________________________________ _________________ ________________ _____________________Advantages ••developed cultures as great and complex as other world civilizations Disadvantages •took longer to reach the classical stage than other world civilizations •The Olmec and the MayaThe OlmecThe Olmec civilization thrived from 1500 BC to 800 BC.•the first civilization •highly •model of religion •created and organizations, methods, and creative that later civilizations would •skilled at •traded with the •built a successful city •little known about reasons for
Copyright © 2019 Edmentum Inc. All Rights Reserved.The Maya The Mayan civilization peaked between 600 AD and 900 AD. Like the __________ the Maya held _______________ religious beliefs. In the boxes below, summarize the most important Mayan achievements. _______________________ _____________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________Academics •created an advanced language and hieroglyphic writing system•one of two civilizations to devise the concept of zero in mathematicsAgriculture••Religion ••Reasons for Decline •historians unsure why Maya Empire declined•cause may have been invasion, revolt, or famineArchitecture ••The Great at is one of the ancient world’s greatest feats of and . Workers built this monument during the . The Aztec The Aztec civilization ended at the hands of the conquistadors in AD 1521. Historians think the Aztec begas as a tribe. They began settling the area of present-day central Mexico around AD .
Copyright © 2019 Edmentum Inc. All Rights Reserved.Fill in the table to summarize important aspects of Aztec society. Government Agriculture and Hunting Religion •warlike people with empire based on tributesystem•regions that failed to pay tribute faced harsh punishment ••••Culture The Aztecs built a series of _______________, including the ___________ _________________ prior to the Spanish arrival. _____________________________, the Aztec capital, had a population of about _______________ people.The city’s impressive art and ____________________ attracted Spanish conquistador ____________ _____________. He compared the city to the Italian city of __________________. He said Tenochtitlán was “the most beautiful city in the world.”The Chavin and the Inca The Chavin •The Chavin were among the first people to settle near the ________________ Mountains. •They developed __________________ methods that allowed them to farm near _________and ___________. •They also ______________________ animals such as ______________, which they used for ____________, food, and ____________________.
Copyright © 2019 Edmentum Inc. All Rights Reserved.The Inca Historians believe that the early Inca were _____________. They settled in the ____________ valley in ____________ around AD ___________. •The Inca practiced a based on worship. •The Inca called their emperor the of the . •The Inca throne was passed on by and . Complete the table by filling in the missing information. kurakas chasqui Incan term for king members of the noble class clanlike family units The Inca constructed sophisticated ____________ and __________ bridge systems. These helped them __________________ and _________________ with others. Like the Chavin, the Inca __________________ animals such as ___________ for ___________________. The Inca had no ______________ system. However, they did use colored cords called _______________ to record and preserve their __________________. Unlike the Aztecs, the Inca _______did_______did not practice human sacrifice. Huayana Capac He was the most important Inca leader, but he committed the biggest ______________ in Inca history before he ____________. He _________________ his empire between his two _________. As a result, _______ ________ broke out in the Inca kingdom just after Capac died. This played a major role in the Inca’s _______________.Summary In what ways can the pre-Columbian civilizations in the Americas be considered advanced? _________________ _______________________ ________________________________