GA-7.4 AsnwerKey
.docx
School
Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology**We aren't endorsed by this school
Course
PHY 105
Subject
Economics
Date
Dec 17, 2024
Pages
4
Uploaded by CaptainLemurMaster1195
Changes in Agriculture Transform Europe1.Identify Cause and Effect (Causes):The three-field systemallowed farmers to rotate crops on three fields instead of two, keeping soil fertile and increasing food production.The use of iron plowsenabled farmers to cultivate heavier, clay-rich soils more effectively, particularly in northern Europe.The adoption of windmills and watermillsprovided efficient ways to grind grain and perform other tasks, reducing reliance on manual labor.New harnesses allowed horsesto replace oxen, speeding up plowing and transportation.The clearing of forests and draining of swamps expanded farmland, allowing for more crops to be grown.Identify Cause and Effect (Effects):Increased food production supported a significant population growthacross Europe.Larger populations stimulated greater demand for goods and services, leading to more trade.Towns expanded into bustling economic and social hubs, as merchants and artisans settled near trade routes and markets.The growing population also created labor opportunities outside of agriculture, contributing to the decline of the feudal system.
Trade Expands and Towns Grow2.Identify Cause and Effect (Causes):CAUSE:Population Growth (1000-1300):oIncreased agricultural productivity from innovations like the three-field system and iron plows.oBetter nutrition from improved farming techniques.EFFECTS:Economic Effects:oHigher demand for goods led to increased trade and theexpansion of trade routes.Urbanization:oTowns grew as people moved from rural areas to seek jobs in trade, crafts, and services.Social Change:oThe decline of feudalism as peasants left manors for opportunities in towns.oCultural exchange and diversity increased in towns, fostering innovation.3.Synthesize:The growing middle class, including merchants and artisans, led to the expansion of towns and cities by creating demand for goods and services. This, in turn, attracted workers, traders, and businesses, fostering urban growth.Economic Changes4.Summarize:Merchants created partnershipsto pool their resources, reducing the financial risks associated with large-scale ventures like overseas trade,and making it easier to raise capital.5.Draw Conclusions:Merchants used letters of creditand bills of exchangeto avoid carrying large sums of gold or silver, which reduced the risk of theft and simplified long-distance transactions.
A New Middle Class6.Make Inferences:Guildsdeveloped to regulate trade, set standards for goods, and protect the economic interests of their members. Guilds also controlledtraining for artisans and ensured fair pricing.7.Cite Evidence:The text shows that women benefited as a result of the growth of the middle class by gaining roles in commerce, such as running shops or participating in guilds, especially in industries like textiles.The Crusades8.Identify Supporting Details:Pope Urban IIagreed to help Byzantine emperor Alexius I to strengthen the Christian Church, unite Eastern and Western Christianity, and repel the Seljuk Turkswho threatened Constantinople.9.Summarize:The Crusaders began fighting other Christians during the Fourth Crusadebecause of internal rivalries, political motivations, and the promise of wealth. This included the infamous sack of Constantinople, a Christian city.The Effects of the Crusades10.Make Inferences:Italian merchants gained control of key trade routesduring the Crusades, which prepared them to establish a Mediterranean trading empirethat would dominate European commerce in the laterMiddle Ages.11.Cite Evidence:The Crusades encouraged the growth of a money economybecause nobles needed cash to finance their participation, which led to the decline of barter and increased use of currency.12.Summarize:The Crusades led to the Age of Explorationby exposing Europeans to new goods, ideas, and trade opportunities from the Middle East and Asia, sparking interest in finding direct trade routes to these regions.
The Reconquista13.Identify Supporting Details:The Reconquistawas the centuries-long campaign by Christian kingdoms in Spain to drive Muslims out of the Iberian Peninsula. It culminated in 1492 with the fall of Granada.14.Draw Conclusions:Queen Isabella’sdesire for unity led to the establishment of a single religion (Christianity) in Spain through the Inquisitionand the expulsion of Jews and Muslims. This created a more centralized monarchy but weakened Spain’s economy by losing skilled and educated individuals.