Annotated Reference (2)
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School
Onondaga Community College**We aren't endorsed by this school
Course
EDU 184
Subject
Psychology
Date
Dec 17, 2024
Pages
4
Uploaded by ChancellorScienceRhinoceros49
Maria LoFaroDr.DineroReferences1.)Lazarus, S. A., Beeney, J. E., Howard, K. P., Strunk, D. R., Pilkonis, Paul. A., & Cheavens, J. S.(2020). Characterization of relationship instability in women with borderline personalitydisorder: A social network analysis.Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment,11(5), 312–320. https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000380Purpose of source:The purpose of this was to examine “whether relationship instabilitydepended on the frequency of interaction with members of their social network.” It focused onexamining the stability of social networks of women diagnosed with BPD and healthy controlsby assessing key characteristics of relationships (satisfaction, support, closeness, conflict, andcriticism) over a 6-month period. This article shared the information of how many relationshipsof women with BPD have correlating tendencies. For example, thinking more about separation,unresolved conflicts, and on/off patterns.Procedure:“Women in the BPD group were recruited from university affiliated clinics, localproviders, and Internet advertisements. Women in the HC group were recruited through Internetadvertisements and a research volunteer registry provided through the university.”Participants:Women with BPD did not differ from women in the HC group on age, education,marital status, ethnicity, or household income. The mean age of the sample was 28.52 years.Additionally, almost all of the participants had some college or higher education degree, with theremaining participants holding a high school diploma or equivalent. The sample was primarilyCaucasian or 70%. Just over half of the participants were single, about 56%.The participants alsohad an estimated annual income of less than $30,000 or 52%. Of the participants in the BPDgroup approximately half (56%) were taking psychiatric medication and were in therapy. “Oneparticipant in the control group was taking part in psychotherapy, and none reported takingpsychiatric medication.”Method:This method was empirical study. They conducted analyses to examine whetherrelationship instability depended on the frequency of interaction with members of the network.“Relationship instability was examined by using repeated assessments of the same socialnetwork partners.” These participants were shown this prompt: “We are interested in knowingmore about the important relationships in your life and your experience of those relationships.Please list the people with whom you have interacted, two times or more for at least five minuteseach time, in the past week. List them in order of how frequently you interacted with them andanswer the following questions about the relationship. An interaction can include spending timetogether, talking on the phone, electronic communication, or anything else that brings you in
contact with that person.” The participants could then list up to 15 partners who met the criteria.Participants were allowed to include partners from both one-on-one and group interactions. Foreach partner listed, the participant would answer a total of 13 questions. The participants wouldindicate the type of relationship (friend, family, romantic partner) and were asked to report on“their closeness to, support received from, amount of criticism from, conflict with, andsatisfaction with the person on a 7-point Likert scale.” In addition, the participant would indicatewhether she had experienced a “significant change in the relationship or stopped speaking toeach partner (“cutoff”) in the past month.” Then, participants were asked to indicate the length ofrelationship and the frequency and typical length of interactions with each partner. “A rankvariable was created, which reflected the order in which partners were listed (1 most frequentinteraction partner to 15 least frequent interaction partner). At 1, 3, and 6 months there was afollow-up email.Results/Conclusion:“The results showed that the relationships of women in the BPD groupwere perceived as more unstable than those of the HC group. Compared with women in the HCgroup, women with BPD had networks with more relationships that had undergone significantchange or had been “cut off” over the course of the study.” This proves that BPD and instabilityin relationships is correlated.2.)Fitzpatrick, S., Fulham, L., Samson, L., Earle, E., Goenka, K., & Varma, S. (2023). Expressedemotion in significant others of individuals with borderline personality disorder.Couple andFamily Psychology: Research and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1037/cfp0000253Purpose of source:The purpose of this article was to discover the correlation between BPD andother coexisting mental illnesses. It also had the purpose of analyzing the overinvolvement ofemotions within BPD. (expressed emotion) “This study sought to identify which types of EE areassociated with higher general BPD symptom severity and impulsive behavior in those withBPD.”Participants:Forty-six people with BPD were recruited using advertisements on onlineplatforms and flyers. Inclusion criteria were: being in contact with a person with a formal BPDdiagnosis or probable BPD 3+ times per week or living with them; being between ages 18 and70; reporting that the person with BPD was between ages 18 and 70; and residing in Canada.Procedure/Method:Participants were sent a brief online screen assessing inclusion andexclusion criteria. Eligible participants then underwent meetings with a member of the researchteam to review study procedures and provide informed consent. After providing consent, theywere administered the questionnaires at baseline and then again 1 month and 2 months later.
“Participants were compensated in the form of gift cards after completion of each monthlybattery.”Results/Conclusion:There was weak evidence that higher emotional overinvolvement, but notcritical comments, predicted higher BPD symptoms. Neither emotional overinvolvement, norcritical comments, predicted higher impulsive behavior.3.)Diamond, D., Levy, K. N., Clarkin, J. F., Fischer-Kern, M., Cain, N. M., Doering, S., Hörz, S., &Buchheim, A. (2014). Attachment and mentalization in female patients with comorbidnarcissistic and borderline personality disorder.Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, andTreatment,5(4), 428–433. https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000065Purpose of source:They investigated attachment representations and the capacity formentalization in a sample of adult female borderline patients with and without comorbidnarcissistic personality disorder.Participants:Participants were 22 borderline patients diagnosed with comorbid NPD(NPD/BPD) and 129 BPD patients without NPD (BPD) from 2 randomized clinical trials.Procedure:“To examine the association between categorical attachment classification for theNPD/BPD and BPD groups, we employed chi-square tests of association” They also conductedindependent sample tests to examine mean differences between the NPD/BPD and BPD groups.They used interviews and AAI classification systems.Results/Conclusion:They found that the NPD/BPD patients were nearly twice as likely as theBPD patients to receive a primary AAI classification of dismissing or cannot classify. Yetcompared with the NPD/BPD group, the BPD group was more likely to be classified aspreoccupied.*All of these sources relate to my thesis because it displays how BPD can affect regulation andemotions in personal relationships, or coexist with other aspects of mental health/stability.*