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Pharmacology Final Study Guide

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School
Everest College, Henderson**We aren't endorsed by this school
Course
NUR 1145
Subject
Medicine
Date
Dec 18, 2024
Pages
27
Uploaded by SuperWolverinePerson1165
as Question 1. ACE Inhibitors; how do you identify them?Question 2. ACE Inhibitors; Side effects?Question 3. ACE Inhibitors; Adverse effects?Question 4.Aminoglycosides;What is it, what medications?Question 5. What is peak/troughs? How/when are they monitored?Question 6. What types of toxicity can be caused by Aminoglycosides?Question 7. Antidepressants; Name the medicationsQuestion 8. Antidepressants; What are the side effects?
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Question 1ACE Inhibitors; how do you identify them?PRILACE Inhibitors; Side effects?cough, hyperkalemia, orthostatic hypotension (firstdose)ACE Inhibitors; Adverse effects?Angioedema, anaphylaxis reaction (s/s : hypotension, wheezing, swollen tongue, hives/itching... and know to administer Epi)What is Aminoglycosides? what medications?Antibiotic; GentamicinWhat is peak/troughs? How/when are they monitored?Peak; Highest level of drug in the body. Draw for labs at peak of drug.Troughs; Lowest level of drug in the body. Draw forlabs 30 minutes before next dosage.
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What types of toxicity can be caused by Aminoglycosides?1. Nephrotoxic; Labs: BUN/creatine , Monitor: Decreased urine output. Encourage fluids!2. Ototoxic; Monitor: ringing in ears, hearing loss.Antidepressants; Name the medications1. Fluoxetine (Sertraline) 2. Venlafaxine3. Bupropion 4. AmitriptylineAntidepressants; What are the side effects?dry mouth; Encourage to drink plenty of fluids and have gum/candy.APAP; what is it? What do you need to remember about it.AcetaminophenCan cause liver toxicity; do not go above prescribed dosage (4g a day), know drug/drug-alcohol interactions, macrolides (erythromycin interaction)ASA; what is it? What is the MOA?Aspirin
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MOA: anti-inflammatory, pain relief, MI/stroke prevention (antiplatelet component)Beta II Agonist; What medications and wha isthe MOA?Albuterol/salmeterolMOA: relaxes bronchial smooth muscles causing brochodilation. We know this is working if there is no signs of wheezing, lowered RR, no cough, and improved O2 saturationBeta Blockers; What do you identify them?OlolBeta Blockers; what do you need to be precautious of?Patients with Asthma and diabetic patients (masks the signs of hypoglycemia)Beta blockers; What is the side effects? Whenwould you hold the medication?1. Hypotension, bradycardia, dizziness, nausea, weakness/fatigue. 2. Hold medication if HR < 60, SBP <100Amoxicillin clavulanate 30mg/kg/day divided BID
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for a child who weights 10mg. Available 125mg/31.25mg per 5ml. Which of the following dosing regimens is appropriate for the following order? 1. 12ml PO daily2. 6ml PO daily3. 6ml PO BID4. 12 ml PO BID6ml PO BID.Cephalosporins; What is it?Antibiotic-Similar to cillin family! Be aware of cross sensitivity.Cephalosporins; What side effects?Gi upset and oral discharge.Cephalosporins; what superinfections can they cause? How do you identify them?yeast infection, vaginal infection, oral thrush, etc.Digoxin; What is it, what does it do?Cardiac glycoside (Arthymia drug)Helps the heart pump more effectively by INHIBITING normal function of Na+ and K+ pump.
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Digoxin; Signs/Symptos of toxicity?N/V/D, vision changes, seeing yellow halos.Digoxin; Side effects?HypokalemiaDigoxin; When to hold?HR <60, toxic signs, low potassium.Diphenhydramine; what is it? What does it do?Antihistamine (Benadryl)Treats allergies, urticaria (hives)Diphenhydramine; Side effects?sleepinessDiphenhydramine; Instructions on taking/education?Take before bedDo not take with alcohol.
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Diuretics; What are they? (3) What do they do? What will you watch out for?1. Spironolactone-potassium sparing Watch for: Hyperkalemia 2. Furosemide- potassium waster Watch for: Hyponatremia, hypokalemia3. HydrochlorothiazideWatch for: Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, HYPERcalcemia.Donepezil; What is it? What is it used for?Anti-Alzheimers Drug; acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Used for Tx of Alzheimers and dementia.Donepezil; What is the side effects?Orthostatic hypotension/ bradycardiaEncourage bedtime dosing, get up slowly, and get up with helpWhat medication is as effective as taking morphine sulfate?ketorolac IMEnoxaparin; what is it? What does it do?
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Anticoagulant (a low molecular weight heparin)Accelerates formation of anti-thrombin III-thrombin complex and deactivate thrombin; preventing conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.Enoxaparin; How do you administer? Where isit injected?Subcutaneous, 45-90 degree depending on needle and body mass of patient, in the abdomen 2" awayfrom umbilicus and in a pre-filled syringe. (comes with a bubble-inject with air bubble-part of dosage)Epinephrine; What does it do? How will you know it's working?-Alpha/beta Adrenergic agonist-HR decreases, breathing improved, BP up (for shock Pts), pruritis(itching) and urticaria(hives) improvedFluroquinolones; What are they? What do they do?Antibiotics Commonly used to treat respiratory infections and UTI's.
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Which mediation is a Fluroquinolones?CiprofloxacinFluroquinolones; Side effects?tendon rupture/tendinitis If Pt reports joint pain-stop medicationWhat is Colchicine?Anti-inflammatory Drug; Gout medication. used for ACUTE ATTACKS.What is Indomethacin?NSAID; Gout medication. used for ACUTE ATTACKS.What is Allopurinol?Uric acid reducer; Gout medication. (Can treat gout and kidney stones)used for CHRONIC/prevention of GOUT.What do we teach patients on Iron supplements?GI upset/constipation, dark stools, take with OJ, liquid form of medication can stain teeth so drink
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through a straw.Macrolides; how do we identify them?MYCINMacrolides; What are they? What medications?Antibiotics; 1. Erythromycin2. Clarithromycin3. AzithromycinNOT VANCOMYCINMacrolides; what drug to drug interactions do you need to know?APAP-acetaminophen.Macrolides; Side effects?Superinfection, liver toxicity (Check LFT's)Metronidazole; What is it? What do you need to teach about it?
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Antibiotic; NO alcohol or you will have a disulfiram reaction; NVD, diaphoresis.What education will you teach your patient on how to take an NSAID?How to take it, not with warfarin, as prescribed, no renal patients and WITH FOOD!If you give a long acting and regular insulin together, how will you administer it?Subcutaneously.Opioids; What do they do? What medications?Pain Relief/Anesthesia.1. morphine2. hydromorphone3. tramadolPenicillins; how do we identify them?CILLINPenicillins; Side effects? How do we treat the side effects?
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Allergic reaction; urticaria (hives), itching, anaphylaxis. Treatment: EPIPrednisone; What do you need to know?-Taper off slowly - S/s of Adrenal insufficiency due to abrupt stop: fatigue, hypotension, N/V, Abd px.Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs); What do they do?Less acid reflux, less stomach pain.Diazepam; What is it? What does it do?Benzodiazepam (Seizure Medication)Inhibits GABA, relaxes muscles, reduces seizures.Atoravastatin; What is it? What does it do? What to monitor?Antilipemic; STATIN drug. Limits cholesterol. Monitor: LFT's and TG (triglycerides)Sulfa Drugs; What are they? What do they
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do?Sulphonamides (antibacterial) Manifestation of an allergic reactionTetracyclines; What is it? What teachings do you need to know?Antibiotic; Can treat acne and skin infectionsEducation: NO children or pregnant woman, NO antacids within 2 hours, NO sun, oral care, NO dairy, take on an empty stomach, superinfection.Gentamicin; therapeutic level?Therapeutic: Monitor Peak and troughvancomycin; therapeutic level?Therapeutic: Monitor Peak and troughPhenytoin; therapeutic level?Therapeutic: 10-20Monitor Peak and troughLevothyroxine; therapeutic level?
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Therapeutic: Monitor Peak and troughValporic Acid; therapeutic level?Therapeutic: 50-100Monitor Peak and troughWarfarin; therapeutic level? and INR?Therapeutic: INR: (2-3)Monitor Peak and troughHeparin; therapeutic level?Therapeutic: Monitor Peak and troughWhat is Vitamin A?RetinolWhat is Vitamin C?Ascorbic AcidWhat is Vitamin B1?Thiamine (Used in wernickes encephalopathy)
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What is Vitamin B6?PyridoxineWhat is B12?CyanocobalaminWhat is Vitamin B9?Folic acidWhat is Viamin B3?NiacinWhat is Vitamin D3?cholecaliferolWhat is Vitamin K?K1 phytonadioneWhat is the therapeutic range for normal serum potassium?3.5-5
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Your patient was started on Warfarin (Coumadin) a week ago for the treatment of a DVT. Which findings below would indicate an adverse reaction to the medication? Selectall that apply. 1. chvostek's signs2. bleeding gums3. melena4. patient reports a severe and sudden headache5. hematuria 6. coffee ground emesis.2. bleeding gums3. melena4. patient reports a severe and sudden headache5. hematuria 6. coffee ground emesis.Question: Your patient is prescribed to take Lisinopril and spironolactone. As the nurse you know that these medications increase a patients risk for developing? 1. hyperkalemia2. hypertension3. hypernatremia4. renal failure1. hyperkalemia
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Question: Your patient is about to receive their morning dose of digoxin with an apical pulse of 53, which of the following actions should the nurse do first? 1. hold the dose2. contact the provider for dose adjustments3. administer the dose as scheduled 4. notify the charge nurse of the findings.1. hold the doseQuestion: Which assessment finding in a patient taking NSAIDs requires immediate intervention? 1. black, tarry stools2. palpitations3. headache4. nonproductive cough1. black, tarry stoolsQuestion: What is the most important information for the nurse to include in a teaching plan for the patient receiving allopurinol? 1. Take the medication with an antacid to minimizegastrointestinal distress2. do not take this medication during an acute
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attack of gout3. this medication may cause your urine to turn orange. 4. include salmon and organ meats in your diet weekly.2. do not take this medication during an acute attack of goutQuestion: A patient is prescribed a noncardioselective beta 1 blocker. what nursing intervention is apriority for this patient?1. Auscultation of the lungs 2. teaching about potential tachycardia3. orthostatic blood pressure assessment4. assessment of blood glucose levels1. Auscultation of the lungsQuestion: The nurse administered donepezil to a patient. Which finding indicates that the medication is therapeutic. 1. The patient is awake 2. the patient has urinated3. the patient is relaxed4. the patient has increased cognition.4. the patient has increased cognition.
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Question: The nurse is teaching the patient being treated with an anticholinergic about dietary changes that might be necessary. What is thehighest priority instruction for the patient? 1. increase your intake of fatty foods while on this therapy2. increase your intake of fluids while on this medication. 3. Do not eat carbohydrates with this medication4. do not drink milk while on this medication.2. increase your intake of fluids while on this medication.Question: The patient has been started on donepezil. The patients family member notifies the nurse that the patient fainted at home. What is the highest priority action on the part of the nurse? 1. Instruct the family member not to administer any further doses of the drug. 2. notify the HCP, the patient may need to be takenoff the drug. 3. instruct the family member to call if the patient continues to exhibit fainting episodes. 4. reassure the family member that this is an expected side effect of the medicaiton.
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2. notify the HCP, the patient may need to be takenoff the drug.Question: What should the nurse include when teachinga patient regarding the use of omeprazole? 1. Take before meals to increase drug effectiveness2. may take without regard to meals or other medicaitons3. take after meals to increase drug effectiveness4. take with meals to increase drug effectiveness.1. Take before meals to increase drug effectivenessQuestion: The nurse is administering oxycodone, an opioid, to a patient. Which common side effect should the nurse teach the patient about? 1. occipital headache2. drowsiness3. paresthesia in lower extremities.4. increases ICP.2. Drowsiness.A patient has an order for metoprolol. Prior
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to medication administration, what does the nurse need to assess? 1. O22. RR3. HR4. Temp3. HRQuestion: Your patient who is taking a statin develops yellowing of the skin, abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant, and nausea. What lab results below correlates with this finding? 1. decreased hemoglobin2. elevated LFT's3. decreased WBC4. elevated BUN and creatine2. elevated LFT'sQuestion: A patient is admitted with dysrhythmia. The physician prescribes propranolol. Which statement by the patient requires the nurse to hold the ordered dose and notify the physician for further orders? 1. I use an inhaler at home for asthma2. i smoke 2 packs of cigarettes per day3. i had caffeine this morning with breakfast
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4. my heart feels like its racing, and i feel very weak.1. I use an inhaler at home for asthmaQuestion: A physician writes a new medication order fora patient who has cardiovascular disease. The medication is an angiotensin II receptor block. What medication on the patients scheduled medication list is an ARB? 1. nicardipine2. lisinopril3. valsartan4. metoprolol3. valsartanQuestion: A patient is prescribed metoprolol. Which statement by the patient requires the nurse to re-educate the patient on how to take the medication properly? 1. after i stop taking this medication i will let my physician know2. i take this medication with my breakfast every morning3 i will change positions slowly while I'm taking thismedication4. while I'm taking this medication i will monitor my
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HR.1. after i stop taking this medication i will let my physician knowQuestion: Youre providing discharge teaching to a patient that will be taking an ARB at home. What statement by the patient requires you to re-educate them about this medication? 1. this medication does not cure hypertension. therefore, i will need to also make lifestyle changes2. this medication can decrease potassium levels. so, i will consume a diet rich in potassium to help keep my level normal. 3. A persistent, dry cough is not common with this medication. 4. i will always stand and change positions slowly.2. this medication can decrease potassium levels. so, i will consume a diet rich in potassium to help keep my level normal.Question: A 65 year old male patient is prescribed an ACE for the treatment of hypertension. Whichmedication below is an ACE inhibitor? 1. losartan2. Benazepril3. Amlodipine
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4. Metoprolol2. BenazeprilQuestion: A patient is prescribed warfarin (coumadin) for the treatment of a blood clot. what is the therapeutic INR range for this medication? 1. 0.5-2.52. 2-33. 4-84. 1-32. 2-3Question: What is the antidote for warfarin?Vitamin KQuestion: A patient is taking digoxin. What medication on the patients medication list increases the patients risk of experiencing digoxin toxicity?1. warfarin2. metformin3. furosemide4. nitroglycerin3. furosemide
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Question: An adult patient is being discharged home ondigoxin. Which statements below verbalized by the patient demonstrated they understand how to properly take this medication? Select all that apply. 1. i will limit my intake of foods high in potassium2. it is important that i immediately report any vision changes i may experience while on this medication3. i will measure my pulse rate before every dose i take. 4. i will not take this medication and notify the physician if my heart rate is less than 702. it is important that i immediately report any vision changes i may experience while on this medication3. i will measure my pulse rate before every dose i take.Question: A patient is taking an ACE inhibitor and spironolactone. It is priority the nurse teaches the patient what? 1. to limit foods high in potassium2. to avoid consuming alcoholic beverages3. to take the medications with food4. to limit salt intake.
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1. to limit foods high in potassiumQuestion: Some patients who take ACE inhibitors may develop angioedema. What s/s will you teach the patient to recognize that can present with this adverse reaction? Select all that apply. 1. swelling in the face2. persistent, dry cough3. thin and shiny skin in the lower extremities4. difficulty breathing5. hyperkalemia.1. swelling in the face4. difficulty breathingQuestions: Agiotensin II cause____ of the vessels and triggers the release of _____.Vasoconstriciton, aldosterone.Question: A patient is scheduled to take a dose of warfarin at 1800. The patients INR level is 6. As the nurse you will1. administer the dose as scheduled.2. double the dose
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3. hold todays dose but administer tomorrow dose as scheduled. 4. hold the dose and notify the physician4. hold the dose and notify the physicianQuestion: The nurse is caring for a client who needs a medication to decrease the acidity of the stomach. What class of medications would the nurse expect to use? select all that apply.1. antacids2. stool softeners3. histamine 2 blockers4. histamine 1 blockers5. proton pump inhibitors
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