LabReportHomeostaticControlHowdoesthehumanbodykeepitselfinbalance
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School
Oxford High School, Oxford**We aren't endorsed by this school
Course
BIO 202L
Subject
Biology
Date
Dec 18, 2024
Pages
8
Uploaded by JudgeExplorationLoris38
NAME: AprilDATE: June 3, 2024Lab ReportHomeostatic Control: How does thehuman body keep itself in balance?This lab report is for you to reflect on what you completed and learned in thissimulation, and to practice your written scientific communication skills. Include enoughdetail to clearly describe the lab experience to someone who understands the conceptsbut has not participated in the simulation. Use correct scientific terminology wheneverapplicable.Sections1. Describe the overall objective and make a hypothesis2. Introduce relevant background knowledge on this topic3. Summarize the steps taken in the simulation4. Explain any obtained results 5. Discuss the conclusions and implications1Copyright Labster ApS 2021All Rights Reserved
1. Describe the overall objective and make a hypothesis.What is the overall purpose of the experiments or activities? Make a hypothesis. Recall thatthe hypothesis is a claim that answers a question or makes a prediction about an eventthat has not yet occurred. Hint: The purpose is often stated in the welcome message of the simulation (as shown inthe example image below).For your entry make sure to include the following: ●Include one statement that describes the overall objective in your own words.●Include one statement that describes the hypothesis.Overall Objective:The general purpose of the simulation is to emphasize the concept of homeostasis which is the ability of the human body to maintain constant values in the body in spite of changes occurringoutside the body. More specifically, the simulation is focused on the integration of the body’s physiologicalsubsystems in order to maintain homeostasis.Hypothesis:Therefore, assuming that the main principle of existence of the human body is homeostasis, it is reasonable to predict that the body will oppose the changes of the conditions, and it will have some physiological processes to struggle against such changes and maintain the homeostasis. For example, if the temperature of the external environment increases, then, the body will intervene to cause processes such as sweating in order to cool the temperature of the body.2Copyright Labster ApS 2021All Rights Reserved
2. Introduce relevant background knowledge on this topic.What have you learned in class or researched on your own that would help prepare for thissimulation?Hint: You can review the “THEORY” section in the simulation (as shown in the exampleimage below)For your entry make sure to include the following: ●Include at least three important details from the lab “Theory” tab, the Lab Manual, or other resources, in your lab report that supports the simulation activity.Background Knowledge:Homeostasis:Homeostasis is a concept that has to do with the capability of a body to control its internal environment in light of the prevailing exterior environment. This involves different autonomic bodily actions and homeostatic nervous feedback control mechanisms necessary in regulation of factors such as heat, hydrogen ion concentration and concentration and concentration of sugar in the blood and that of the various ‘salts’ in the blood respectively.Negative Feedback:The most common method of maintaining homeostasis is by use ofnegative feedback mechanisms. Negative feed backing is a process in which the body recognizes an error from the standard or parameter level, reverses the error and returns the level to the standard level. Some of it is used to maintain stability within the body A fraction of it is used to regulate internal environment within the body.Physiological Systems:The human body has many systems; the nervous system, endocrine system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system and the urinary system all control homeostasis. These systems together feel the change, transmit signals and act to restore balance within the system back to homeostasis.3Copyright Labster ApS 2021All Rights Reserved
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3. Summarize the steps taken in the simulation.Explain all steps you completed, including the equipment and techniques you used.Hint: You can use the “MISSION” tab in the LabPad as inspiration (as shown in the exampleimage below).For your entry make sure to include the following: ●Document each step you completed, including the equipment and techniques you used.Introduction to Homeostasis:The first segment of the simulation is familiarization with homeostasis and its role in maintaining the internal environment in the human body.In this section, the reader will be informed briefly about the homeostasis and will be introduced with the significant physiological concepts that will be covered in this chapter.Selecting Parameters:After that, the simulation prescribes the selection of specific physiological parameters that have to be monitored, such as temperature, pulse, blood sugar levels, or potassium and sodium levels, correspondingly. In this step, one has to choose which of the variables will be analyzed during the experiment process.Manipulating Variables:The simulation allows modifications to factors that may affect the chosen parameters after they have been selected. For example, one can choose the parameters that are of interest then change the environmental temperature, the level of exercise or type of food to observe the effect on the parameters of interest.Observation and Recording:During the simulation process, the participants can monitor the changes of the selected parameters influenced by the controlled variables. Information on such changes is gathered and observed in order to understand how the body maintains the internal environment when placed under different conditions.Feedback Mechanisms:The completed simulation shows how both the negative and positive feedback mechanisms are employed in the body. The members are trained on 5Copyright Labster ApS 2021All Rights Reserved
the mechanisms of how negative feedback works in order to be able to look for any variation from the set points and then try to bring it back to the right path.Exploration and Experimentation:Every participant is supposed to analyze several cases and to experiment with changes in the elements to observe the effects on homeostasis. This way it is easier to understand the knowledge that has been taken in class since the practical part entails putting into practice what has been taught in class.Conclusion and Reflection:Finally, the simulation is followed by a debriefing session where the observer is made to witness certain results and understand how they can learnabout the body control processes. Each participant is expected to make a comparison between what he has observed in the simulation and the real world after each simulation.6Copyright Labster ApS 2021All Rights Reserved
4. Describe any obtained results. Explain all obtained results. Were these results expected or unexpected? Hint: You can use the “MEDIA” tab in the Lab Pad to revisit relevant images from thesimulation (as shown in the example image below).For your entry make sure to include the following: ●Document the results from the simulation.●Document whether the results were expected or unexpected, and briefly explain why.Obtained Results:In the simulation one was able to capture several results based on alteration of the external factors and the resulting effect on the physiological parameters. These outcomesincluded changes in the variables such as body temperature, heart rate, blood glucose level or concentration of electrolyte in response to change in environment or stimulus.Expected vs. Unexpected Results:Expected Results:In many of these cases, the results observed are in concordance withwhat would be expected from the homeostasis concept. For example, if the temperature around the body was high then the body makes use of sweating to bring the temperaturedown to a normal level. Similarly, if the levels were high after taking some food then you get a release of insulin because insulin is helpful in promoting the uptake of glucose in the body cells and to bring it back to normal range.Unexpected Results:But there might have been time when one got the results which he did not anticipate especially where the variables interacted in a certain manner, or where the feedback mechanisms did not work as how they were expected to. For 7Copyright Labster ApS 2021All Rights Reserved
example if the weather was very hot, or there were health issues which affect ability to regulate glucose the body may not have been able to effectively assist in normalizing the blood glucose levels in case of a spike.5. Discuss the conclusions and implications. How do your results relate back to the original purpose and your hypothesis? Were thereany systematic sources of error that could have affected the results? What did you learn? For your entry make sure to include the following: ●Include a statement that briefly summarizes how the results of the simulation relate back to your original purpose and hypothesis.●Include a statement that details any systematic sources of error you identified thatcould have affected the results. If the lab did not have any systematic sources of error, include a statement that acknowledges the lack of error present in the lab.●Include a statement about what you learned from the simulation.Conclusions and Implications:Relation to Purpose and Hypothesis: The results of the simulation are in line with the intention and the hypothesis:it is illustrated how the body can maintain the internal environment stable despite external conditions. As stated in the hypothesis, responses to such stimuli were evidences in the human body especially feedback mechanisms that provide a mechanism to reinstate homeostasis and stabilize the physiological variables.Systematic Sources of Error:Despite every effort to ensure that the simulation brings out as much of the physiological processes as near to reality as possible, there could have been other systematic sources of variability that could have prejudiced the results. For instance, the possibilities of the simulation software, or the approximations made at the time of modeling the physiology of the systems might have led to discrepancies in the real life scenarios. In addition, it may be claimed that the results were influenced by variations in the subject’s response to stimuli or inaccurate measurement of data.Learning Outcomes:This paper will discuss the lessons learnt from the simulation of the environment and physiological control systems. They learned how the idea of homeostasis is achieved by the negative feedback mechanisms whereby the body tries tosustain the balance in the body and what can cause this balance to be disrupted. Furthermore, the simulation encouraged evaluation since the participants were able to test various possibilities; thereby improve the understanding of physiological concepts.8Copyright Labster ApS 2021All Rights Reserved