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PSYCH 327
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Psychology
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Dec 18, 2024
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Uploaded by MegaPorcupineMaster539
Dr. Lisa SmithsonSocial TransitionsNote: Some information contained within the slides as audio or written text is directly from Steinberg, L. (2020). Adolescence (12th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Social Redefinition and Psychosocial Development•Social Redefinition: process through which an individual’s position or status is redefined by society•Age of majority: age at which individual is recognized as an adultSteinberg, L. (2020). Adolescence (12th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
The Elongation of Adolescence•Adolescence begins in biology and ends in culture•In mid 1800s: adolescence lasted 5 years (menarche-marriage)•In 1900: adolescence lasted just less than 7 years•In 2010: 15 yearsSteinberg, L. (2020). Adolescence (12th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
The Elongation of Adolescence•Adolescence begins in biology and ends in culture•In mid 1800s: adolescence lasted 5 years (menarche-marriage)•In 1900: adolescence lasted just less than 7 years•In 2010: 15 yearsSteinberg, L. (2020). Adolescence (12th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
The Elongation of Adolescence1) Individuals live with parents longer2) Adolescents economic maturity lags behind psychological maturity3) More formal education is required to make successful transition to work rolesSteinberg, L. (2020). Adolescence (12th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Current Trends in Leaving Home•More Americans between ages of 18-34 are living with parents than any other arrangementSteinberg, L. (2020). Adolescence (12th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
1960s vs today•1960: average age of marriage 20 for women and 22 for men•Today: average age of marriage 27 for women and 30 for men•1960: less than 10% of young adults between 25-34 years lived with parents•2015: 1/3 of young adults 25-34 lived with parents•1960: high proportion of adolescents right from high school into full time job. Only 1/3 direct to college•Today: 70% of high school graduates go to college after graduatingSteinberg, L. (2020). Adolescence (12th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Variations in Continuity
Transition types•Continuous transitions: passages into adulthood in which adult roles and statuses are assumed gradually•Discontinuous transitions: passages into adulthood in which adult roles and statuses are assumed abruptly•Transitions into adulthood in contemporary society are more discontinuous than in other cultural or historical contextsSteinberg, L. (2020). Adolescence (12th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Transition types•In traditional cultures, there tends to be more continuity:▫Typically more continuity in societies where hunting, fishing, and farming are the primary work activitiesEmphasis tends to be on informal education rather than formal education in schoolsSteinberg, L. (2020). Adolescence (12th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Transition types•In traditional cultures, there tends to be more continuity:▫Typically more continuity in societies where hunting, fishing, and farming are the primary work activitiesEmphasis tends to be on informal education rather than formal education in schoolsSteinberg, L. (2020). Adolescence (12th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Transition types - historically•Transition into adult roles occurred earlier in life▫Was more continuous than today▫Took on full time employment earlier▫Likely to live under adult supervision for longer Steinberg, L. (2020). Adolescence (12th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Variations in Social Transitions
Variations in clarity•Few universal markers of adulthood:▫Adolescents tend to be treated as adults at different times and by different people and in different contextsSteinberg, L. (2020). Adolescence (12th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Adolescents’ Views of Themselves•1) Adolescents place strong emphasis on development of character traits that suggest self-reliance•2) Over time, significant decline in importance of family roles (marriage and parenthood) as defining adulthood•3) Defining criteria have become more or less the same for males and females in industrialized societySteinberg, L. (2020). Adolescence (12th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Clarity of Social Redefinition in Traditional Cultures•Traditional cultures: passage from childhood to adolescence is marked by formal initiation ceremony which publicly proclaims young person’s assumption of new position in communitySteinberg, L. (2020). Adolescence (12th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
https://www.elle.com/culture/travel-food/news/g27293/coming-of-age-ceremonies-around-the-world/
https://joy.org.au/brekkiebears/2016/10/26/bearly-believable-tooth-filing/
Circumcision controversy•Circumcision: procedure in which some part of the genitals is cut and permanently alteredSteinberg, L. (2020). Adolescence (12th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/05/26/americans-truly-are-exceptional-at-least-when-it-comes-to-circumcision/
https://www.psychologytoday.com/ca/blog/how-we-do-it/201811/genital-mutilation-girls-and-womenFGM
https://www.psychologytoday.com/ca/blog/how-we-do-it/201811/genital-mutilation-girls-and-women
https://www.psychologytoday.com/ca/blog/how-we-do-it/201811/genital-mutilation-girls-and-women
Adolescence as a Social Invention
Adolescence as a social invention•Inventionists: theorist who argue that adolescence is mainly a social construction▫Adolescence is defined by how society recognizes the period as being separate from childhood and adulthoodSteinberg, L. (2020). Adolescence (12th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
https://www.mtholyoke.edu/~hicks22a/classweb/Childlabor/WebsiteChildlabor/History.html
Impact of Industrialization•Redefinition of adolescence as a time of preparation instead of participation▫Was useful for societal economic needs (industrialization increased the number of machines that replaced workers)▫Child protectionists: argued that young people should be kept out of labour force for their own safetySteinberg, L. (2020). Adolescence (12th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Impact of Industrialization•Redefinition of adolescence as a time of preparation instead of participation▫Was useful for societal economic needs (industrialization increased the number of machines that replaced workers)▫Child protectionists: argued that young people should be kept out of labour force for their own safetySteinberg, L. (2020). Adolescence (12th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Origins of Adolescence as We Know it•Teenager: a term used around 75 years ago. In contrast with adolescence it suggested a less serious age. ▫One social change that influenced this was the increased affluence and economic freedom enjoyed by American adolescents in the late 1940s and early 1950s.Steinberg, L. (2020). Adolescence (12th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
•Youth: ▫Before industrialization: referred to individuals from 12-24 years of age▫During 1960s: increase in college population and the rise of activism contributed to a shift towards individuals 18-22 years of ageOrigins of Adolescence as We Know itSteinberg, L. (2020). Adolescence (12th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
•Social transitions▫How have you redefined yourself throughout the past 10 years of your life and how has this redefinition been impacted by society?Origins of Adolescence as We Know itSteinberg, L. (2020). Adolescence (12th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.