Topic 1 SSS1024
.pdf
School
Sultan Idris University of Education**We aren't endorsed by this school
Course
SCI 2000
Subject
Communications
Date
Dec 18, 2024
Pages
14
Uploaded by SuperCrocodile4746
WHAT IS RESEARCH?
DEFINITION•….IS A PROCESS OF STEPS USED TO COLLECT AND ANALYZE INFORMATION TO INCREASE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF A TOPIC OR ISSUE.
HOW TO DO RESEARCH?
STEPS TO DO RESEARCH •KERLINGER (1972) COINED THE TERM SCIENTIFIC METHOD OF INQUIRY. •INVOLVE 6 STEPS: •IDENTIFY RESEARCH PROBLEMS•REVIEWING THE LITERATURE•SPECIFYING A PURPOSE OF RESEARCH •COLLECTING DATA •ANALYSING AND INTERPRETING THE DATA•REPORTING AND EVALUATING RESEARCH
IDENTIFY RESEARCH PROBLEMS (RESEARCH PROBLEMS) •WHAT IS THE ISSUE?•DEVELOP A JUSTIFICATION FOR STUDYING IT•SUGGESTING THE IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY FOR SELECT AUDIENCES THAT WILL READ THE REPORT SUCH AS TEACHERS, POLICY MAKERS, OR RESEARCHERS. •THE NEEDS, ISSUES, OR CONTROVERSIES ARISE OUT OF EDUCATIONAL NEED EXPRESSED BY TEACHERS, SCHOOLS, POLICY MAKERS, OR RESEARCH ARE REFERRED AS RESEARCH PROBLEMS.
IN THE PROPOSAL•‘PROBLEM STATEMENTS’ OR ‘STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS’ IS ONE OF THE ASPECTS IN THE PROPOSAL OR THESIS. •IN THE PROBLEM STATEMENTS MUST INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION•THE TOPIC•THE PROBLEM•A JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROBLEMS•THE IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING IT FOR SPECIFIC AUDIENCES SUCH AS TEACHER, ADMINISTRATORS, OR RESEARCHERS.
LITERATURE REVIEW •LOCATING SUMMARIES BOOKS, JOURNALS, AND INDEXED PUBLICATION ON A TOPIC.•SELECTIVELY CHOOSE WHICH LITERATURE TO INCLUDE IN YOUR REVIEW AND THEN SUMMARIZING THE LITERATURE IN THE WRITTEN REPORT
SPECIFYING A PURPOSE FOR RESEARCH•IDENTIFY THE RESEARCH OBJECTIVES FOR A STUDY•NARROW IT INTO SPECIFIC RESEARCH QUESTIONS OR HYPOTHESIS.
EXAMPLE OF PURPOSE OF STUDY•GIVEN THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF DISCOURSE IN MEANING-MAKING BY STUDENTS, THERE IS A NEED TO CHARACTERIZE THE POSITIVE KINDS OF TEACHER “TALK-SCAFFOLDING” INSOME WAY (WESTGATE & HUGHES, 1997). AS TEACHER QUESTIONING IS AN IMPORTANT ASPECT OF INSTRUCTIONAL SCAFFOLDING, THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO FIND OUT HOW TEACHERS USE QUESTIONS IN CLASSROOM DISCOURSE TO SCAFFOLD STUDENT THINKING AND HELP STUDENTS CONSTRUCT SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE, AND TO IDENTIFY DIFFERENT WAYS OF TEACHER QUESTIONING THAT ENCOURAGE PRODUCTIVE THINKING IN STUDENTS.
COLLECTING DATA •EVIDENCE HELPS PROVIDE ANSWERS TO RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS. •INVOLVE IN STEPS OF COLLECTING OR GATHERING DATA.•COLLECTING DATA MEANS IDENTIFYING AND SELECTING INDIVIDUALS FOR A STUDY, OBTAINING THEIR PERMISSION TO STUDY THEM, AND GATHERING INFORMATION BY ASKING PEOPLE QUESTIONS OR OBSERVING THEIR BEHAVIOURS. THE INFORMATION ARE WRITTEN IN THE METHODOLOGY SECTION. •THE STEP WILL PRODUCE A COLLECTION OF NUMBER (TEST SCORE, FREQUENCY OF BEHAVIOR) OR WORDS (RESPONSES, QUOTES, OPINIONS).
ANALYSING AND INTERPRETING THE DATA•INVOLVE DRAWING CONCLUSION ABOUT IT; REPRESENT IT IN TABLE, FIGURE AND PICTURES TO SUMMARIZE IT; AND EXPLAINING THE CONCLUSIONS IN WORDS TO PROVIDE ANSWERS TO YOUR RESEARCH QUESTIONS. •IN THE THESIS, ANALYSING AND INTERPRETING DATA ARE WRITTEN AS RESULTS, FINDINGS, OR DISCUSSION.
REPORTING AND EVALUATING RESEARCH•WRITE A REPORT ONCE THE RESEARCH IS COMPLETED. •WRITE ACCORDING TO THE FORMAT•EVALUATING INVOLVES ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF THE STUDY. (ARTICLE WRITING + PROJECT REPORT + SEMINAR PRESENTATION).