Unit 4 Scholarly Activity
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Waldorf College**We aren't endorsed by this school
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CRJ 2200
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Computer Science
Date
Dec 19, 2024
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5
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1UNIT 4 SCHOLARLY ACTIVITYWaldorf UniversityCRJ 2200 - Theories and Practices of CorrectionsProfessor Kristie MilbyDecember 19, 2024
2Part 1The primary distinctions between jails and prisons involve the duration of incarceration, the nature of the offenses committed, and the governing authority responsible for the facilities. For the duration of incarceration, jails serve as short-term detention centers for individuals sentenced to one year or less, whereas prisons accommodate those serving longer sentences, typically exceeding one year. For the nature of the offense, jails generally detain individuals charged with misdemeanors, while prisons are designated for those convicted of felonies. For thegoverning authority, jails are predominantly managed by local law enforcement agencies, in contrast to prisons, which are overseen by state or federal authorities. For security classification, prisons feature various security classifications that correspond to the seriousness of the crime andthe conduct of the inmates, while jails tend to have a more uniform security structure. For geographical placement, jails are typically situated within local jurisdictions, whereas prisons areestablished at the state or federal level. Additionally, some states operate both jails and prisons through private entities. Jails “are confinement facilities usually operated by city or county governments and typically managed by that government’s law enforcement agency” (Alarid & Reichel, 2018). andis primarily intended for individuals who are either awaiting trial or serving very short sentences.“The living area and cells in new-generation jails are likely to have comfortable furniture, tile or carpet floors, access to telephones, and basically a normalized living environment” (Alarid & Reichel, 2018). In contrast, a prison is a long-term correctional institution operated by state or federal authorities, designed to accommodate individuals convicted of more serious offenses whoare serving extended sentences. There are a few key distinctions to highlight. First is the durationof stay. Jails accommodate individuals for brief periods, typically less than a year, while they
3await trial or serve minor sentences, whereas prisons are intended for individuals serving longer sentences post-conviction. Second is management authority. Jails are usually overseen by local law enforcement agencies, such as county sheriffs, while prisons are administered by state or federal Departments of Corrections. Next is the nature of the offense. Those in jail are often awaiting trial or serving time for less severe crimes, while prison inmates are convicted of more serious offenses. Lastly is the security classification. Prisons generally maintain higher security levels compared to jails, reflecting the more serious nature of the crimes committed by their residents.Part 2According to Facilities (n.d.), there are 62 county jails and 42 state prisons in the state of New York. In a 2023 audit, there were 32,613 people incarcerated in state prisons and 16,402 in county jails. Out of the 42 state prisons, 5 are female-only facilities, 39 are male-only, 13 are maximum security facilities, 26 are medium security and 3 are minimum security. “The security level of a prison is determined by such features as the prison’s design, perimeter, and staff-to-inmate ratio” (Alarid & Reichel, 2018). There are roughly 15,395 correctional personnel. A few of the New York State prisons have housed some very famous people. David Berkowitz, also known as the serial killer “Son of Sam” is currently serving out his life sentence in Shawangunk Correctional Facility. Famous mobster Charles “Lucky” Luciano served time in Clinton Correctional Facility and famous jazz singer Ella Fitzgerald served time in Hudson Correctional Facility.
4Westchester County Correctional Facility is a county jail that is located in Valhalla, NY. This jail can hold up to 1,821 inmates but currently is home to only 500 inmates. Queensboro Correctional Facility which is located in Long Island City NY, in Queens County is a minimum-security facility. “Inmates assigned to minimum-security facilities have the most freedom and privileges afforded any state prisoner” (Alarid & Reichel, 2018). Queensboro currently houses 149 inmates and has programs such as the rehabilitation program such as the Alcohol and Substance Abuse Treatment Program. This program is an “Intensive, structured substance abuse treatment utilizing elements of the therapeutic community model”.Franklin Correctional Facilitywhich is located in Malone, NY in Franklin County, is a medium security facility. “Prisoners at medium-security facilities are not allowed to leave the institution grounds without an escort” (Alarid & Reichel, 2018). Franklin currently houses 714 inmates and has programs such as the Temporary Release Program. This program “works with Individuals within two years of earliest release to become reintegrated into their communities”.Five Points Correctional Facility is located in Romulus, NY in Seneca County is a maximum-security facility. “Maximum-security facilities were built as fortress-like structures with high stone walls surrounding groupings of buildings that served as cell blocks” (Alarid & Reichel, 2018). Five Points currently houses 828 inmates and has programs such as the Transitional Services Program and Sex Offender Treatment Program. These programs are “a three-phase program designed to assist incarcerated individuals in preparing for their return to the community” and “a comprehensive program of counseling and treatment for convicted sex offenders”.
5REFERENCESAlarid, L. F., & Reichel, P. L. (2017). Corrections (Justice Series) (3rd ed.). Pearson Education(US). https://online.vitalsource.com/books/9780134549057Facilities. Department of Corrections and Community Supervision. (n.d.). https://doccs.ny.gov/facilities