Copy of INTRO-STUDY-GUIDE-2

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Corner Canyon High School**We aren't endorsed by this school

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SCIENCE 101

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Geology

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Dec 19, 2024

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Uploaded by JusticeAlpacaMaster1235

Earth ScienceEnvironmental ScienceIntroduction Module AssignmentAnswers to this assignment are found in the module lessons.Record your answers as you work through the lessons.This assignment is required to earn credit.SCIENTIFIC INQUIRYNOTE:Be sure to save this assignment on your Google Drive or computer. If you are taking Q1,Q2, Q3, or Q4 of this course, you can re-upload this assignment for those quarters.DIRECTIONS:Type your answer below the question unless otherwise indicated.Define Scientific Inquiry: Scientists use the natural world to study and investigate which helps themexplore.Define Testable Question: A testable question is a question that can be answered through observation,or investigation, if the question cannot be answered through these two then it is considered to be abelief rather than a question.The first step to scientific investigation is to:The difference between a scientific question and a non-scientific question is: The difference between ascientific question and a non-scientific question is that a scientific question can be answered by doingexperiments and collecting data. Non-scientific questions do not or can not be answered throughexperiments.A testable question is: A question that can be answered or explored.A good sentence frame for a testable question is: Did the grass die because it needed fertilizer?You observe that more acorns fall off an oak tree in your yard when the sun is bright. What is a testablequestion related to this observation?How come more acorns fall off a tree when the sun hits them?

Are each of the following questions scientific or not scientific? Explain why or why not:“Did the grass die because it needed fertilizer?”Explain your reasoning: Scientific, this is because it can be answered through experimentation.“How do metals in water affect the ability of fish to reproduce?Explain your reasoning: scientific, also because it can be answered through experimentation“Which brand of ketchup tastes the best?”Explain your reasoning: Non-scientific, because different people have different opinions.A good way to come up with a testable question is to look for a _____________ gap.Answer here: KnowledgeThe testable question……should be answered by objective _______________Answer here: knowledge…should be one that can be answered with _____________ that you have access to.Answer here: materials…doesn’t always have to answer __________________Answer here: everything….can be ____________ tuned during your investigation.Answer here: changed or fineHow can the question "How many organisms on Earth are harmed by plastics?" be reworded to make itmore specific?Is this a good scientific question: Is organic fertilizer better than non-organic (man-made) fertilizer?Why or why not?

Read each scenario and come up with a good testable question:a)Few frogs are found in a wetland near a chemical factory.b)Soil underneath a city's old gas stations had high levels of lead in it.c)There are no dinosaur fossils from before 255 million years ago.Decide if the following question needs fine tuning or not. If so, suggest a way it can be fine tuned:a)Are there invisible organisms living in the tops of the trees?b)Is biology or chemistry a better subject to study in college?c)How does sunlight intensity affect the height of sunflowers?d)How much pollution is in Washington state?e)What is the effect of traffic on heavy metal contamination in New York?

MODELSDIRECTIONS:Type your answer below the question unless otherwise indicated.Define Model:Define Visualization:Define Hypothesis:Scientists use models because…Give some examples of when models are used by scientists:Type:Description:Example:

What type of models are shown in the table below?(Place answers below the image after the number.)1.2.3.4.5.6.7.(Intentionally blank)

Thetwoimportant characteristics of ahypothesisis that they are…1.2.The relationship between a hypothesis and a model is…In the picture below, look for relationships and come up withtwotestable hypotheses:1.2.When do models need to be refined? Give an example.

SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONSDIRECTIONS:Type your answer below the question unless otherwise indicated.Define field study:Define controlled experiment:Define observational study:Define simulation:Define relational study:Define descriptive study:Define cause-and-effect study:Define comparison study:The type of research you choose will depend on ___________________.Answer here:The four types of research goals, definitions and examples:

Goal:Definition:Example:1.2.3.4.Do each of the following lead to a research goal? If not, why?A scientist wonders how air pressure changeswith different types of weather. He selectsevery sunny day with a temperature of 75 forone month and records the outside airpressure. Did the scientist conduct anappropriate investigation for his research goal?Answer Here:A water scientist wants to know how the typesof rocks in different areas affect the amount ofiron in rivers. The scientist makes a table thatshows the rock types in one column and theamount of iron in nearby rivers in anothercolumn. She then looks for a pattern that willhelp her predict how much iron a river mighthave depending on the types of rocks that arenear the river. Does this activity help heranswer her question?Answer Here:A veterinarian wants to know how high-proteindiets affect the energy level of pet cats. Theveterinarian makes an observation of theenergy level of 25 cats and places them ingroups from least energetic to most energetic.Answer Here:

ImageType of Study itrepresents:Description of what you would do duringthat type of study:Answer Here:Answer Here:Answer Here:Answer Here:Answer Here:Answer Here:Answer Here:Answer Here:What type of study would you use for each question?1.When do fish spawn in local rivers?2.How does the surface of mars affect the type of vehicle you drive on it?3.How does the time of year affect our view of the stars?

4.How does soil lead level affect the amount of lead found in lettuce?5.How does the depth of the soil affect the number of earthworms found in it?6.What is it like to fly an airplane inside a hurricane without actually doing so?7.How does the time of the month affect the appearance of the moon?8.How does water temperature affect how a watermelon grows?9.How does the distance from a pond affect the number of eagle nests?10.How can we travel to the bottom of the ocean before really going there?Think of some scientific questions you are interested in learning about. Use the table below as aguideline and write downat least two questionsyou could investigate.1.2.

SCIENTIFIC DATADIRECTIONS:Type your answer below the question unless otherwise indicated.Define data:Define quantitative:Define qualitative:Define discrete:Define continuous:Types of Data: Quantitative vs. Qualitative Data - Complete the table below.ImageData Type:Why?Answer Here:Answer Here:Answer Here:Answer Here:

Study this image of a fossil and develop questions that would lead you to collect both quantitative andqualitative data about it. Try to think of at least 3 questions that could be answered quantitatively and 3questions that could be answered qualitatively. Qualitative Questions1.2.3.Quantitative Questions1.2.3.Give 3 additional examples ofQualitativedata:1.

2.3.Give two additional types ofQuantitativeData.1.2.Complete the table below.ImageDiscrete data you canget from the image:Continuous data you could measure:Determine whether the data is discreteORcontinuous:

1.The dinosaur has 64 teeth:2.21.4 cm long fossil:3.Twelve sandhill crane nests:4.The nest has 11 eggs in it:5.42.35 second chemical reaction:6.The bird’s wingspan is 16.5 inches:7.The rock weighs 2.48 Kg:Data Collection:Question:Do rivers running through cities have more oil pollution than rivers running throughforests? Answer the questions below.What type ofdata/evidence/samples willyou need to collect?Decide when and where youwill collect yoursamples/data/evidence:What tools will you need tocollect yoursamples/data/evidence?What safety concerns willyou need to consider or take?Describe how to go get yoursamples/data/evidence:

Describe how you willrecord your data:Making a Claim: What are some questions you should consider when you are evaluating your claim?1)2)3)4)SCIENTIFIC THEORYDIRECTIONS:Type your answer below the question unless otherwise indicated.Define each term and give an example.TermDefinitionExampleBeliefHypothesisTheoryLawComplete the table below.StatementType of statementReason whyAn explanation of howthe moon was formed.

Energy can betransformed but notcreated.A friend really thinksthere is a city at thebottom of the ocean.Matter is neither createdor destroyed.An explanation of howall matter is created ofatoms.The idea that DNA hasa double helix structure(before the idea wastested).An explanation of howparticles move within anatom.For every action there isan equal and oppositereactionHow is the term "theory" used differently by scientists and by the general public? Explain the roles oftesting, revising, and creativity in developing theories.

SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITYDIRECTIONS:Type your answer below the question unless otherwise indicated.Define intellectual honesty:Define plagiarism:Define bias:Name three ways that Scientists present their findings.1.2.3.When scientists communicate about their work, what information should they make sure is included:1.2.

3.4.5.6.7.What are the roles of scientific communication--specifically, why do scientists communicate theirresults to others?Based on what you have learned about the ways that scientists communicate their results, what do youthink are some skills that scientists need to have in order to communicate their results to others?To have intellectual honesty means that:1.2.3.4.5.Why do you think intellectual honesty is so important for science?What do you think are some sources of bias?

SCIENTIFIC REPORTINGDIRECTIONS:Type your answer below the question unless otherwise indicated.Define Variables:Define independent variable:Define dependent variable:Define bar graph:Define circle graph:Define line graph:Define histogram:What is a trick to help you remember the difference betweenIndependentandDependentvariables?Complete the table below.ExperimentDependent variable(s):Independent variable(s)You conduct an experiment onthe effect of music loudness onpeople's heart rate. You observethe heart rate of people afterlistening to music at 4 differentlevels of loudness.

This experiment exposes fish towater at different temperaturelevels and observes the number ofviable eggs that each femaleproduces in a season. What arethe independent and dependentvariables?Types of Graphs: Look at the following graphs and answer the questions in Column 2.What is the dependent variable?What is the independent variable?What axis does the dependent variable go on?What axis does the dependent variable go on?What type of graph is this?What type of data does this graph work best for?

What is the dependent variable?What is the independent variable?What axis does the dependent variable go on?What axis does the dependent variable go on?What type of graph is this?What type of data does this graph work best for?What is the dependent variable?What is the independent variable?What axis does the dependent variable go on?What axis does the dependent variable go on?What type of graph is this?What type of data does this graph work best for?

2.Shows how parts relate to a whole3.Shows data ranges by the size of the rectangles4.Displays a relationship between variables5.Five birds had a wingspan of 10 to 12 cm. Eight birds had a wingspan of 12 to 14 cm. Threebirds had a wingspan of 14 to 16 cm.6.There are 10 milligrams of nitrogen in a water sample. 3 milligrams are in the compoundammonium. 6 milligrams are in the compound nitrate, and 1 milligram is in the compoundnitrite.Answer the following questions about intellectual property and copyright?1.Why is it important to cite references?2.Is it ok to copy and paste information found on the internet and present it as your answers totests, etc? Why or why not?3.If you paraphrase the words of another scientist in your report, you do not need to include acitation, since your paraphrased wording is your own words. Why or why not?4.The proper way to cite an article by three authors is to list all three authors' last names in thecitation. Why or why not?5.Citing your references is a way to avoid plagiarism. Why or why not?