SPANISH111CHAPTER3REPORT
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Clemson University**We aren't endorsed by this school
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SPAN 111
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History
Date
Dec 22, 2024
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5
Uploaded by BaronEmuMaster739
Clemson University - Fall 2021Spanish 111, Chapter 3 ReportProfessor Brown, Section 6October 13, 2021Consequently, In 2013 alone, 9 Americans are known to have joined or attempted to join foreign terrorist organizations. U.S. citizens inside al-Qaeda provide insider's knowledge of the United States.Class Date: 27/1/2024Instructor’s Comment: Consider restructuring the conclusion for clarity.REPORT CONTENT:## FindingsAdam Gadahn was an American convert who joined al-Qaeda in the late 1990s. He released English-language propaganda videos, but Gadahn lacked charisma and his voice was replaced by Anwar al-Awlaki. Awlaki was a U.S. citizen of Yemeni descent, killed on September 30, 2011 by a U.S. missile strike in Yemen. Awlaki had religious credentials Gadahn lacks and a "gently persuasive" style; "tens of thousands, maybe millions, have watched [Awlaki's] lectures on the Internet."
## AnalysisAnother key U.S. citizen in al-Qaeda's power structure was a man named Adnan Shukrijumah. Shukrijumah is believed to be the highest ranking American in al-Qaeda. He was born in Saudi Arabia, grew up in Trinidad, and moved to Florida as a teenager; he was anaturalized American citizen and left the United States in the spring of 2001. Shukrijumah was a mystery to authorities until he was identified by Najibullah Zazi after Zazi was arrested for a failed plot to bomb transportation targets around New York City. Zazi had traveled to Afghanistan to fight U.S. forces, but Shukrijumah convinced Zazi to return to the United States and plan an attack there.## BackgroundIn May 2014, Florida-born convert Mohammed Abusalha conducted a deadly suicide bombing while fighting for Islamist extremists in Syria. In 2014, Troy Kastigar and Douglas McAuthur McCain, two Americans who had previously converted to Islam, traveled to Syria and Iraq in order to join the global jihad in Syria and Iraq on behalf of the Islamic terrorist group ISIL/ISIS/IS/Daesh, and were killed in battle. In 2015, Zulfi Hoxha traveled to Syria where he became a significant figure among the ranks of ISIS. == Places for radicalization ===== Prison ===The United States has the world's largest prison population and "prisons have long been places where extremist ideology and calls to violence could find a willing ear, and
conditions are often conducive to radicalization." Muslim prisoners have been characterizedas a danger or threat for radicalization in the post-September 11, 2001 terror attacks media.## ConclusionThere is a "significant lack of social science research" on the issue of Islamic extremism in U.S. prisons and there is disagreement on the danger Islamic extremism in prisons poses to U.S. national security. Some suggest that the gravity of so-called prison radicalization shouldbe questioned due to the fact that data presents only one terrorism-related case among millions of individuals. Reports have cautioned for the potential for radicalization as a resultof vulnerable inmates having little exposure to mainstream Islam and monitoring of religious services activities in the event they may be exposed to extremist versions of the Islamic religion from inadequate religious service providers or other inmates via anti-American sermons and extremist media (see also Jihadism and hip hop), which may be embraced or influenced by the Wahhabi-Salafi brand of Sunni Islam (including revisionist versions commonly known as "prison Islam") or a politically engaged, militant form of Shia Islam. The terms "prison Islam" or "jailhouse Islam" are unique to prison and incorporates values of gang loyalty and violence into the Islamic religion.## DiscussionIn spite of the fact of there being over 350,000 Muslim inmates in the United States, little evidence indicates widespread radicalization or foreign recruitment. Some argue that empirical studies have not supported the claims that prisons are fertile grounds for terrorism. For instance, only one black American prison convert was convicted for
involvement among the millions of adult males under supervision in the United States. This individual founded an Islamic extremist group in prison, called Jami'iy yat Ul-Isla Is Saheeh (JIS), from New Folsom State Prison in California and hatched a plot to attack numerous local government and Jewish targets.## FindingsIn July 2005, members of JIS "were involved in almost a dozen armed gas station robberies in Los Angeles with the goal of financing terrorist operations." There is a lack of statistics available on the religious affiliation of inmates in the U.S. prison system. This makes it difficult to assess the potential for Islamic extremism among prisoners.## AnalysisHowever, a report by the Department of Justice's Office of the Inspector General in 2004 examined the Federal Bureau of Prisons's selection of Muslim chaplains and found that an estimated 6% of the federal inmate population sought Islamic services. According to prisoner self-reporting, the majority of Muslims in federal prison identify as Sunni or followers of the Nation of Islam. === Mosques ===Some mosques in the United States transmit Islamic extremist ideologies.## BackgroundThe North American Islamic Trust (NAIT) "holds titles of approximately 300 properties [mosques and Islamic schools]". The organization's website states that "NAIT does not
administer these institutions or interfere in their daily management, but is available to support and advise them regarding their operation in conformity with the Shari'ah." Other research on the Muslim Brotherhood in the United States claims NAIT influences a far largernumber of Islamic institutions in the United States. There is no government policy on the establishment of mosques in the United States and no way to monitor activity. The value placed on religious freedom in the U.S. complicates the situation as mosques are places of worship that may be used to spread extremist ideology.References / Works Cited:1. Wikipedia (n.d.). Retrieved from https://wikipedia.org/2. Random Book Title (2022). Academic Publishing House.