Ch16

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University of Virginia**We aren't endorsed by this school

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BIOL 2030

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Biology

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Dec 29, 2024

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Uploaded by EarlRock13223

Snustad Practice QuizChapter 161) Which of the following methods helped establish the identity of the gene responsible for Huntington’s disease?a) positional cloningb) RFLP analysisc) restriction mappingd) contig mappinge) all of the aboveAnswer: eFeedback: All of these methods have been used to map the physical location of the Huntington’s gene. The gene was first linked to an RFLP on chromosome 4 in 1983, and other methods were later employed to confirm and pinpoint the location.Section: 16.1 Use of Recombinant DNA Technology to Identify Human Genes and DiagnoseGenetic DiseasesDifficulty Level: Easy2) Huntington’s disease is:1) caused by an X-linked recessive mutation2) caused by an autosomal dominant mutation3) occurs in 1:10,000 individuals of European descent4) occurs with equal frequency in individuals of European, Asian, and African descent a) 1 and 3b) 2 and 3c) 1 and 4d) 2 and 4e) 2 onlyAnswer: dFeedback: Huntington’s disease is an untreatable (to date) disease caused by an autosomal dominant mutation. It occurs in one of 10,000 individuals of European descent. Affected individuals undergo a progressive degeneration in their central nervous system, with onset occurring at the ages of 30 to 50.Section: 16.1 Use of Recombinant DNA Technology to Identify Human Genes and DiagnoseGenetic DiseasesDifficulty Level: Medium

3) Huntington’s disease is caused by:a) a point mutationb) an unstable trinucleotide repeatc) a frameshift mutationd) an insertione) a deletion of one exonAnswer: bFeedback: Huntington’s disease was the fourth human disease to be associated with an unstable trinucleotide repeat. This repeat is found near the end of the short arm of chromosome 4 in humans.Section: 16.1 Use of Recombinant DNA Technology to Identify Human Genes and DiagnoseGenetic DiseasesDifficulty Level: Easy4) A common inherited disease characterized in humans by excessively salty sweat is:a) Huntington’s diseaseb) fragile X syndromec) cystic fibrosisd) Tay-Sach’s diseasee) none of theseAnswer: cFeedback: Cystic fibrosis is one of the most common inherited diseases in humans, affecting 1 in2000 newborns of northern European heritage. One easily diagnosed symptom of this disorder is excessively salty sweat.Section: 16.1 Use of Recombinant DNA Technology to Identify Human Genes and DiagnoseGenetic DiseasesDifficulty Level: Easy5) Human genes are often preceded by clusters of cytosines and guanines called:a) CpG islandsb) zoo blotsc) CFTR proteinsd) syntenye) methylation islandsAnswer: aFeedback: Human genes are often preceded by clusters of cytosines and guanines called CpG islands. Three such clusters are present just upstream of the cystic fibrosis gene.Section: 16.1 Use of Recombinant DNA Technology to Identify Human Genes and DiagnoseGenetic DiseasesDifficulty Level: Easy

6) What is the primary function of the CFgene?a) forms ion channels through cell membranes.b) acts as an enzyme in regulatory function.c) increase metabolism in the respiratory tract.d) causes failure of biochemical pathways.e) decreases expression of ubiquitin ligases, causing accumulation of misfolded proteins.Answer: aFeedback: The CF gene products, called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorprotein, forms ion channels through the membranes of cells that line the respiratory tract, pancreas, intestines, etc.Section: 16.1 Use of Recombinant DNA Technology to Identify Human Genes and DiagnoseGenetic DiseasesDifficulty Level: Easy7) ___________ involves adding a wild-type copy of a gene to the genome of an individual carrying defective copies of the gene.a) transgeneb) germ linec) gene therapyd) all of thesee) none of theseAnswer: cFeedback: Gene therapy involves adding a normal, wile-type copy of a gene to the genome of an individual carrying defective copies of the gene. The introduced gene is called a transgene.Section: 16.2 Human Gene TherapyDifficulty Level: Easy8) Which of the following guidelines must be fulfilled prior to gene-therapy procedures being performed?a) gene must be cloned and characterizedb) risks to patient must be minimalc) disease must not be treatable by other strategiesd) an effective delivery method must existe) all of theseAnswer: eFeedback: The National Institutes of Health has developed guidelines that must be followed priorto gene-therapy procedures. Those include: cloning and characterizing of the gene, the disease must not be treatable by other strategies, there must be an effective delivery method for the gene,and the risks to the patient must be minimal.Section: 16.2 Human Gene TherapyDifficulty Level: Easy

9) The first use of gene therapy in humans was used to treat a patient with:a) ADA-SCIDb) Cancerc) Huntington’s diseased) Tay-Sachse) Cystic FibrosisAnswer: aFeedback: The first use of gene therapy in humans occurred in 1990 on a four year old girl with adenosine deaminase-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency disease (ADA-SCID).Section: 16.2 Human Gene TherapyDifficulty Level: Easy10) An advantage of retroviral vectors is that they:a) are degenerate and cannot mutateb) invert themselves into chromosomes and are transmitted to progeny cells during cell divisionc) are made of RNA not DNAd) can become germlinee) none of theseAnswer: bFeedback: One advantage of retroviral vectors is that they insert themselves into the chromosomes of host cells and are transmitted to progeny cells during cell division.Section: 16.2 Human Gene TherapyDifficulty Level: Medium11) Current somatic-cell gene-therapy protocols are:a) gene addition proceduresb) gene replacementsc) gene insertion proceduresd) gene deletion procedurese) all of theseAnswer: aFeedback: Current somatic-cell gene therapy protocols are gene-addition procedures. They add functional copies of the gene that is defective in the patient to the genomes of recipient cells. They do not replace the defective gene with a functional one.Section: 16.2 Human Gene TherapyDifficulty Level: Easy

12) __________ are specific electropherograms that are produced with primers, tagged with fluorescent dyes, to amplify DNA polymorphism containing genomic regions.a) FLPsb) AFLPsc) DNA profilesd) protease digestse) none of theseAnswer: cFeedback: Most DNA profiles (or fingerprints) nowadays are electropherograms. They are produced by PCR amplification of genomic regions containing VNTRs (or minisatellites) or STRs (or microsatellites).Section: 16.3 DNA ProfilingDifficulty Level: Easy13) CODIS consists of a panel of 13 ________ loci.a) RFLPb) InDelc) STRd) VNTRse) haplotypeAnswer: cFeedback: A panel of 13 STR loci located on 12 different chromosomes can be amplified by PCR to generate a DNA profile.Section: 16.3 DNA ProfilingDifficulty Level: Easy14) The first pharmaceutical and commercial success using recombinant DNA technology was that of: a) acetyl salicylic acidb) human growth hormonec) human insulind) penicilline) none of theseAnswer: cFeedback: In 1982, human insulin became the first commercial success of the new recombinant DNA technologies in the field of pharmaceuticals.Section: 16.4 Production of Eukaryotic Proteins in BacteriaDifficulty Level: Easy

15) Why do scientists want to produce proteins, such as insulin and hGH, in prokaryotes?a) isolation in large amountsb) very cost effectc) products are mutation-freed) both isolation in large amount and very costs effectivee) all of theseAnswer: dFeedback: Valuable proteins, such as insulin and hGH, that could be isolated from eukaryotes in small amounts at high cost, can produced in large quantities for relative little expense in genetically engineered bacteria.Section: 16.4 Production of Eukaryotic Proteins in BacteriaDifficulty Level: Easy16) One method for the production of a transgenic mouse involves the culturing and transfection of ________ from the inner cell mass of the blastula.a) E. colib) embryonic stem cellsc) blastocystsd) chimerae) none of theseAnswer: bFeedback: Embryonic stem (ES) cells harvested from the inner cell mass of a blastula stage embryo are cultured in vitro, transfected with DNA, selected for successful transformation, and then introduced into other developing mouse embryos to produce a chimeric mouse. If the introduced ES cell has contributed to the germ line, the chimeric mouse has the potential to produce some transgenic animals among the progenies.Section: 16.5 Transgenic Animals and PlantsDifficulty Level: Easy17) _________involves the shooting of DNA-coated tungsten or gold particles into plant cells.a) Electroporationb) Microprojectile bombardmentc) Totipotencyd) Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformatione) RNAiAnswer: bFeedback: Microprojectile bombardment involves shooting DNA-coated tungsten or gold particles into plant cells.Section: 16.5 Transgenic Animals and PlantsDifficulty Level: Easy

18) _________ is the ability of a single cell to produce all the differentiated cells of the mature plant.a) Differentiationb) Totipotencyc) Plasticityd) Virilitye) PluripotencyAnswer: bFeedback: Totipotency, a feature of plant cells, is the ability of a single cell to produce all the differentiated cells of the mature organism.Section: 16.5 Transgenic Animals and PlantsDifficulty Level: Easy19) Approaches that use known nucleotide sequences of genes to devise procedures for isolating null mutations or shutting off gene expression are called:a) reverse geneticsb) chimeric genesc) antisense geneticsd) feedback geneticse) none of theseAnswer: aFeedback: Reverse genetics uses nucleotide sequences of genes to devise procedures for isolatingnull mutations or shutting off their expression. The function of a specific gene can often be deduced by studying organisms lacking any functional product of the gene.Section: 16.6 Reverse Genetics: Dissecting Biological Processes by Inhibiting Gene ExpressionDifficulty Level: Medium20) The discovery of RNA interference is attributed to:a) Watson and Crickb) Fire, Mello, and colleaguesc) Sangerd) Craig Ventere) none of theseAnswer: bFeedback: Andrew Fire, Craig Mello, and colleagues are credited for discovery of the RNA interference reverse genetic approach in 1998.Section: 16.6 Reverse Genetics: Dissecting Biological Processes by Inhibiting Gene ExpressionDifficulty Level: Easy