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Course
CSC MISC
Subject
Biology
Date
Jan 3, 2025
Pages
1
Uploaded by CountSnow24459
5.13 compare & contrast the ED & PPP w/EMP glycolysis in terms of energy production & [P]s:Some bacteria substitute the ED w/EMPBacteria that use ED (only discovered in prokaryotes): Produces 1 ATP, NADH (catabolic pathways; carry high energy e-s), & NADPH (anabolic pathways; carry high energy e-s) molecules per glucose oxidized.Bacteria that use EMP: produces 2 ATP, pyruvate, & NADH molecules per glucose oxidized. PPP: produces 1 ATP per molecule of glucose, so pathway’s ½ as energy efficient as glycolysis. 5.14 describe several examples of the vast metabolic diversity in bacteria:potentially pathogenic pseudomonas aeruginosa & Enterococcus faecalis us ED. Some bacteria such as E.coli have both ED & EMP. Fermentation5.15 describe fermentation, & contrast with respirationFermentation is energetically less efficient than respiration, however fermentation doesn’t have a need for e- acceptors from the env. Fermentation: pyruvic acid -> other organic compounds. Lacks Krebs cycle & ETC & therefore produces less ATP.Respiration: 5.16 list 3 useful end-products of fermentation, & explain how fermentation rxns are used to id bacteria:Proteus ferments glucose but not lactose. Escherichia & Enterobacteria ferment both.5.17 discuss how biochem tests for metabolic [E]s & [P]s are used in the id of bacteria Fermentation end products are used to id microbes, include acids, alcohols, & gases.Other Catabolic PathwaysLipid catabolism5.18 explain how lipids are catabolized for energy & metabolite production: beta-oxidation.Lipids & proteins can be catabolized into smaller molecules, which can be used as [S]s for glycolysis & the Krebs cycle. Beta-oxidation is a catabolic process in which [E]s split pairs of hydrogenated carbon atoms from a FA & join them to coenzyme A to form a-CoA. Protein catabolism5.19 explain how proteins are catabolized for energy & metabolic production: protease.Proteases secreted by microorganisms digest proteins outside the microbes’ cell walls. The resulting AAs are moved into the cell & used in anabolism or are deaminated & catabolized for energy. Photosynthesis5.20 define photosynthesis: process in which light energy’s captured by pigment molecules called chlorophylls (bacteriophylls in some bacteria) & transferred to ATP & metabolites. Chemicals & structs5.21 compare & contrast the basic chemicals & structs involved in photosynthesis in proks & euks The active sites of chlorophyll molecules are structurally similar to the cytochrome molecules found in ETCs, except that chlorophylls use Mg2+ instead of Fe2+. Euk: algae – absorb light at 425nm & 660nm.Prok: bacteriochlorophyll – absorb light 350nm & 880nm.Thylakoids are photosynthetic prokaryotes. Light-dependent rxns5.22 describe the components & function of the 2 photosystems, PSI & PSII e-s moving from 1 carrier molecule to another in a thylakoid must eventually pass to a final e- acceptor.