BIOLOGY107CHAPTER3EXAM
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North Carolina State University - Winter 2022Biology 107, Chapter 3 ExamProfessor David, Section 1December 24, 2022Optigraphics Corporation of Grand Prairie, Texas was formed in 1970 and—under the guidance of Victor Anderson, the inventor of the modern lenticular production process who worked well into his 80s—produced Kellogg's 3D Baseball Cards from 1970 to 1983. (Johnson, 2020) Optigraphics produced the lenticular prizes for Cracker Jack in the 1980s, 7-Eleven Slurpee lenticular sports coins from 1983 to 1987, and in 1986 it produced the first set of 3D traditional baseball cards marketed as Sportflics, which ultimately led to the creation of Pinnacle Brands.Class Date: 5/9/2024Instructor’s Note: Use more active voice in your writing.GENERIC CONTENT:## FindingsIn 1999 Performance Companies bought Optigraphics after Pinnacle Trading Card Company went bankrupt in 1998. == Prize manufacturers ==
=== Cloudcrest ===C. Carey Cloud, sometimes called "year-round Santa Claus", was best known as a designer and producer of hundreds of different prizes for Cracker Jack from the 1930s through the 1960s through his company Cloudcrest. It is estimated that he created, produced, and delivered to the Cracker Jack Company 700 million toys.## DiscussionAt the same time he designed hundreds of premiums for companies such as Brach's Confections, Breck Candy Company, Bunny Bread, Carnival Candies, CoCo Wheats, Johnston Candies and Chocolates, New Orleans Confections Inc, Ovaltine, Pillsbury flour, Post Bran Flakes, Shotwell of Chicago, Thinshell Candies, and more. === Nosco Plastics ===Nosco Plastics, Inc. (commonly called "NOSCO", the mark used on its molded products) was the plastics molding division of National Organ Supply Company created in 1934 to make plastic parts for electric organs and was located at 1701 Gaskell Avenue, Erie, Pennsylvania, 16503.## AnalysisBeginning in 1948 with the implementation of the newly developed screw injection molding process, NOSCO quickly became a major early producer of tiny plastic toys called "slum" (very cheap prizes that are bought in bulk, sometimes for as little as $1 a gross or less) sold to wholesalers as carnival merchandise, used by the millions as prizes in packages of Cracker Jack popcorn confection, and mail-order flats that were heavily advertised in
American comic books as "100 Toy Soldiers for $1" by E. Joseph Cossman & Company. NOSCO also held a number of patents on plastic molded products including mechanical toys, storage containers, pallets, and medical syringes. From 1948 through 1960, The Cracker Jack Company at 4800 West 66th Street, Chicago, Illinois, the largest toy buyer in the world at the time, used many millions of NOSCO toys as prizes in their caramel coated popcorn confection. These include the "Animal Stand-ups" (CJ Archive #Z-1111) that were marketed by the Levin Brothers — as well as the "100 Cowboys and Indians" set of 12 different figures (CJ Archive #Z-1137) and "3 Ring Circus" set of 12 different figures (CJ Archive #Z-1154) marketed as mail order items by Cossman & Levine.## BackgroundOther sets made by NOSCO for Cracker Jack include Alphabet Animals set of 26 (Z-1179), People (Occupations) Stand-ups (Z-1124), Spacemen Stand-ups set of 10 (Z-1227), a set of 16 double-sided Stand-ups (Z-1144), and Zodiac Coins set of 12 disks (Z-1182). === R&L plastics ===Rosenhain and Lipmann Pty Ltd (commonly known as "R&L") was a plastics company in Melbourne Australia between 1954 and 1977. The company name is a fusion of the surnames of the founders Bruno Lipmann & Kurt Rosenhain. R&L designed and manufactured unique and innovative toys that became hugely popular both in Australia and in the United States., ultimately exporting them around the world.## ConclusionR&L started out making plastic hardware items. Its first product, a self-adhesive hook, was
sold under an exclusive Australia license.## FindingsIts hardware market was complemented by entry into the cereal box prize market with a flexible interconnecting plastic toy link "Flex-O-Link" in 1958. R&L's big breakthrough came with Stan Barton joining the firm as engineer, who conceived and developed the idea of miniature model kits, called snap-togethers — small plastic model kits that didn't need glue — issued in clear glassine bags, inside breakfast cereal boxes. They were used by companies such as Kellogg, Nabisco, Purina Grain Foods, and Sanitarium Health Food Company. Space Nits were found in retail packages of both Kellogg's cereals and Cracker Jack popcorn confection.## DiscussionDuring the company's 18-year run, over 70 different sets were released and it is estimated that about one billion R&L toys were delivered around the world. R & L's success was based upon unique toy designs and uncompromising engineering quality.## Analysis (List)- However, the tide of success turned with the oil price shocks of the 1970s which sent the price of the raw material, plastic, up 300% in 5 years.- Surprisingly too, the arrival of colour television saw cereal companies spend their marketing budgets on television advertising and not plastic inserts.
## BackgroundBecoming unprofitable, R&L factory equipment and contents were sold off to a company in Mexico in 1977. This machinery was used to re-issue several series under the name "Tinykins". Although structurally the same, many colors varied and were brighter than the originals. The plastic and texture was also of a lesser quality.## ConclusionTinykins flooded the market and are often mistaken for, or sold as, R&L originals.References / Works Cited:1. Wikipedia (n.d.). Retrieved from https://wikipedia.org/2. Random Book Title (2022). Academic Publishing House.