Chondrichthyes Essays

After a plethora of studies made we know quite a bit about the ocean and the creatures that live there. We know who is the prey and who is the predator, what temperature some live in, and where they live. We know so much about the ocean and its inhabitants, but we also don’t know enough. There is more in the ocean than the things we’ve seen and studied. There’s things deep down in the ocean so deep that light from the sun doesn’t even reach it. In this deep abyss, there lives fish we have come to

Intraspecific evolution is the evolution that is continually occurring within a species. When a species undergoes this type of evolution they are subject to many evolutionary pressures such as mutation, migration and selection. How the species reacts to these pressures effects their genetic variation, gene flow, chances of survival and all together their growth as a species. Whales are a group of species that have undergone many evolutionary pressures and many species have experienced bottlenecks

The hammerhead sharks are excellent predators that belong to the order Carcharhiniformes and family Sphyrnidae. Members of this family of sharks have unique head structures that extends to form a hammer-shaped (T-Shaped) cephalofoil that have different functions including sensing, water maneuvering, and manipulating prey. This family has two genera; Eusphyra and Sphyrna. Hammerheads are distant relatives of the mid-Tertiary period carcharhinid sharks. Today, species of the hammerhead include Eusphyra

aortic arches are present because the first pair is degenerated or develops into non functional gills. The progressive reduction of aortic arches in different species was observed. Bony fish and Chondrichthyes: The bony fish have single systemic circuit. Bony fishes are also called as telosts. Chondrichthyes have only five pairs of aortic arches because the first pair is lost. While in bony fishes the first and second pairs of arches are lost or

Requiem sharks are part of the class Chondrichthyes and the family Carcharhinidae, which has species of sharks that are widely known as being “man-eating”; including such sharks as the Great White Shark, Bull Shark, and Tiger Shark. According to one article “Sharks are top predators in many marine ecosystems and can impact community dynamics, yet many shark populations are undergoing sever declines primarily due to overfishing” (Afonso & Hazin, 2015). Currently, technology is helping us to understand

What are genes? A gene is a piece of DNA that codes for RNA molecules. What is genetic engineering? Genetic engineering is the process where humans alternate the genome of organisms using biotechnological processes. It allows scientists to transfer genes from one organism to the next. FIGURE 1.1: A scientist manipulating an organisms DNA Genetics have been an impact on agriculture for thousands of years by the means of artificial selection. Farmers control the way their plants reproduce so that each

In biology, regeneration is the process of renewal, restoration, and growth that makes genomes, cells, organisms, and ecosystems resilient to natural fluctuations or events that cause disturbance or damage.[1] Every species is capable of regeneration, from bacteria to humans.[2][3] Regeneration can either be complete[4] where the new tissue is the same as the lost tissue,[4] or incomplete[5] where after the necrotic tissue comes fibrosis.[5] At its most elementary level, regeneration is mediated

Sharks have been swimming the world’s oceans for more than 400 million years - 100 years before the first dinosaurs appeared (Griffin et al., 2008). Sharks fall under the kingdom Animalia, the phylum Chordate and the class chondrichthyes. There are more than 400 known shark species found in the ocean (Musick and Musick, 2011). In the ocean, sharks help maintain the health of ocean ecosystems and help regulate and maintain the balance of the marine environment (Griffin et al., 2008). These sharks

SCOLIODON The Chondrichthyes are also known as elasmobranchs. They are almost exclusively marine and include sharks, rays, and chimaeras. Scoliodon is an elasmobranch which is marine and is an active swimmer. Scoliodon is widely studied shark all over the world. The genus is represented by nine species, of which four are very common in Indian seas.It is commonly known as the Dog fish. Scoliodon was first discovered and described by Muller and Henle (1837). The genus Scoliodon is characterized by