Conjunctiva Essays

Differential diagnoses The differential diagnoses for patient are bacterial conjunctivitis, allergic conjuntivities and chalazion. Bacterial conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the bulbar and or palpebral conjunctivas, include staphylococci, streptococci, gonococci and chlamydia that can cause eye redness (Suto, Marinaga, Yagi, Tsuji & Toshida, 2012). Allergic conjunctivitis is eye inflammation resulting from an allergic reaction to substances like pollen or mold spores. When itchy and watery (Hom

INTRODUCTION Inflammation of the conjunctiva is called conjunctivitis.It may be infective or allergic either in acute or chronic form.Types of conjunctivitis are Infective, Allergic, Chemical &Traumatic.Infective or allergic conjunctivitis present in acute form or in chronic form and are characterized by hyperemia, watery secretions (lacrimation), itching anddischarge.Hyperemia varies in degree and in distribution.The secretions vary in nature and in amount. The nature of secretion is sometimes

The dry mouth reflex was first described by Cannon (1937). When areas of the oral mucosa become dry, mucosal receptors trigger the dry mouth reflex, which results in stimulation of saliva secretion. Dehydration of oral mucosa may also trigger thirst through stimulation of tactile receptors (Hirsch, 2015; John E. Hall & Guyton, 2006). Patients with xerostomia may wake up at night feeling the urge to drink (Bots, et al., 2004)The conjunctival epithelium consists of a non-keratinized, two to five cell

but they tell me that their eyes itch so much that they cannot keep from rubbing them. When I examine them, their eyelids are red along the edges. Sometimes there are lashes missing. Their conjunctiva has a pale milky look and is slightly swollen. With the slit lamp I can see little bumps in the conjunctiva, behind the lower eyelid, that are called papules. These people are allergic to some airborne irritant. It is usually pet dander or pollen,

upper bulbar conjunctiva. A graft about 2 mm larger than the bare sclera, centered at 12 o’clock meridian on the bulbar conjunctiva is marked with Gentian violet. The conjunctiva is elevated with the subconjunctival injection of saline. A pair of conjunctival scissors is used to make two radial incisions in the conjunctiva along the marks diverging towards the upper fornix. Tenon’s capsule is avoided. Through the 2 radial incisions, about 2 mm above the limbus, we insert under the conjunctiva 2 iris repositer

Allergic conjunctivitis Description Allergic conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva caused due to allergy. It is mainly caused by air borne allergy contacting the eye. Specific IgE causes local mast cell degranulation and the release of chemical mediators including histamines, eosinophil, chemo- tactic factors and platelet activating factors that lead to inflammation. Allergic conjunctivitis occurs more frequently among those with allergic conditions, with the symptoms having a seasonal

Abstract: Ocular lymphomas are rare malignancies that display a myriad of clinical manifestations; therefore the diagnosis can be a challenging task. Almost all intraocular lymphomas are B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Although the orbit is an extranodal site where lymphocytes are not found under normal conditions, lymphoid tumors are the third most common cause of proptosis in the adults. Ocular lymphomas are most challenging cases seen by ophthalmologists and are more serious eye conditions, leading

providing the correct and proven means of how sight occurs, he also proved many other theories which were proven to be correct: presenting the ideology that the corneal area of the eye is at a curved angle and is closer to the conjunctiva, which doesn’t coalesce with the conjunctiva: He suggested that the cornea (inner surface) at the point where it links to the foramen becomes concave in conformity with the curve-like external face (outer surface), whilst the edges of the surfaces of the foramen aren’t

Cataracts is the clouding of the lens of the eye that is generally clear. Generally, for those suffering from cataracts vision is difficult but not completely lost. Many describe living with cataracts as looking through a frosted window and reading, driving, and any details or specifics are difficult to see. There is also cataracts surgery that can effectively improve cataracts for many sufferers. Cataracts is mostly an age related condition. Diabetes and other eye procedures can also lead to the

Conjunctivitis Chemical conjunctivitis is eye inflammation from exposure to an irritant or chemical substance. This causes the clear membrane that covers the white part of your eye and the inner surface of your eyelid (conjunctiva) to become inflamed. When the blood vessels in the conjunctiva are inflamed, the eye may become red, pink, and itchy. Chemical conjunctivitis can occur in one or both eyes. It cannot be passed from one person to another (noncontagious). CAUSES Chemical conjunctivitis is

To test the tear film integrity, fluorescein dye is applied to the temporal bulbar conjunctiva and the patient is instructed to blink several times to distribute the dye across the surface of the eye. Once the dye is spread, it is observed under a cobalt blue light allowing the dye to be clearly seen. A timer is run as the dye is observed

A Differential diagnosis Viral conjunctivitis (ICD 10: B 30.1) Inflammation and infection of the conjunctiva is known as conjunctivitis, and is characterized by dilatation of the conjunctival vessels, that cause hyperemia and edema of the conjunctiva and is often associated with discharge. Viruses are the most common cause of acute conjunctivitis. Among them, adenoviruses cause sixty five to ninety percent of viral conjunctivitis

be severely damaged. Should students at MBIS be allowed to wear sunglasses or would doing so cause many problems? The Sun can cause problems for our eyes.  Some types of eye damage that is caused by the Sun are cataracts, macular degeneration , conjunctiva , keratitis or corneal sunburn.  Cataracts affect more than 24.4 million people  age 40 and older a year . In addition to general eye damage caused by the Sun, there is a serious and possibly fatal condition that is also caused by the Sun’s rays

mucous membrane. Measures the vitals signs- carefully determine the temperature. Then, inspect the skin for erythema, edema, induration, rashes, drying, cracking, and desquamation. Perform a complete eye examination- check for bilateral bulbar conjunctiva injection without exudate. Assess ears, nose, and throat for any signs of infection, the neck for lymphadenopathy and nuchal rigidity. Perform a complete heart and cardiovascular exams-check for gallop rhythm or distant heart sounds. Auscultate

subjectively because of the ability brain to ignore the missing portion of the image (Gamm 1). Sclera may be described as the white, outer part of the eye that benefits to maintaining the shape of the eye and to protect the eye from injury. Conjunctiva, which is a clear mucus membrane that helps lubricate the eye, covers the sclera. Three divisions create the sclera; episclera, lamina fusca, and the sclera. The episclera is a loose connective tissue that is located beneath the conjunctive. The

Diabetes can affect the sympathetic innervation of the iris. People with diabetes may exhibit sluggish pupillary reflexes. The pupils may be more miotic and have a weaker reaction to topical mydriatics. Conjunctiva Microaneurysms in the bulbar conjunctiva are commoner in persons with diabetes. In addition, individuals with diabetes are at an increased risk of developing conjunctival bacterial infections. Tear Film Tear film abnormalities are frequent in persons with diabetes, leading to an increased

in addition to degree of conjunctival involvement (1,9). Both these scales are necessary to predict the prognosis of the patient after the chemical injury. Table 2 : Roper-Hall classification of ocular chemical injuries GRADE PROGNOSIS CORNEA CONJUNCTIVA / LIMBUS I Good Abrasion No limbal ischemia II Good Haze cornea with visible iris details < 1/3 limbal ischemia III Guarded Total epithelial loss , haze cornea with obscured iris details 1/3 - 1/2 limbal ischemia IV Poor Opaque cornea with obscured

lipid, aqueous and mucin layer. The lipid layer is produced by meibomian and other glands; aqueous layer is secreted by lacrimal gland, accessory gland, conjunctival and corneal epithelium; and mucin layer is produced by the goblet cells of the conjunctiva. These structures are the main targets for dry-eye

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this essay is to conduct a comprehensive critical appraisal of a research paper titled ‘Chloramphenicol treatment for acute infective conjunctivitis in children in primary care’ that was carried out by Rose et al. (2005) in the United Kingdom (UK). The aim of evaluation is to critically concentrate on the strength and limitation of the study. Firstly, a clear definition of critical appraisal and its importance will be highlighted, going on further will be the critical

VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS Varicella Zoster virus (VZV) is the causative organism of Chicken pox. The infection is acute and highly contagious. Apart from people immunized, about 90% of people globally get infected during their childhood by age 20 (Pérez-Farinós et al, 2007). The illness lasts for about 7to 10 days (). ……. The illness starts as fever, general and cold. In some children and adults it starts with rash. The virus is culturable from the mononuclear cells of an infected person 5 days before