Dinoflagellate Essays

Marine organisms are animals, plants, and other living things that live in the ocean. A Marine biologist is a scientist who studies marine organisms and studies the bodies, behavior, and the history of marine organisms. They also study how marine organisms interact with each other and their environment. I have chosen to research about Marine biology because I would like to learn about sea life, the ocean, and its surrounding environment. To start off, a Marine biologist might study coral, crabs

Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning Amnesic shellfish poisoning is a rare type of food poisoning. You get it from eating seafood contaminated with a toxin (domoic acid). This toxin is produced by a saltwater form of algae and is often eaten by shellfish, such as clams, oysters, and mussels. Sometimes crabs that feed on these shellfish can also become toxic. You can get sick when you eat contaminated shellfish or crab. Cooking or freezing the shellfish does not kill the toxin. Domoic acid causes stomach

Being an important component in the microbial loop is another significant role of the dinoflagellates in the ocean. Referring to Microbial loop (2011), microbial loop is used illustrate the microbial food web. This general interaction begins with the dissolved organic matter (DOM) as the main energy source. Variety of bacteria consumes DOM as their source of energy which then these bacteria are consumed by protozoans, microbe consumers of bacteria and also algae. Because of the DOM, oceanic bacteria

Holoplankton—the species which live as plankton for their whole life span—are often eminent in marine food webs. A large amount of holoplankton are phytoplanktonic, namely diatoms and dinoflagellates, though there are still some which are zooplanktonic, such as copepods (Anderson). Focusing on the holoplanktonic phytoplankters, diatoms are known for being “the most productive photosynthetic [plankton] organisms” (Garrison and Ellis 400), and are a prevalent form of phytoplankton. Due to both of these

This luciferin is a tetrapyrrole and differs to chlorophyll due to the type of metal ions present in its structure. Light emission from Dinoflagellates is pH-sensitive. This is mainly due to two factors. Due to the tertiary structure of the luciferase, a change in H+ ion concentration causes the luciferase to lose conformation, exposing its active site to the luciferin. Also, the luciferin molecule

which is toxins. The scientific name is known as Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning or (PSP). Starting off, paralytic shellfish poisoning is a silent killer. Paralytic poisoning is an illness caused from eating shellfish that have been exposed to dinoflagellate algae ("Paralytic Shellfish" 2 . This is a natural occurring toxin, that is caused by some types of microscopic algae. This toxin affects the nervous system and can even cause damage to the muscle system. In other cases, when the toxin level is

Effects of Red Tides on Ecosystems Background Info: Harmful algal blooms, or more commonly known as red tides, occur when a dinoflagellate colony grows out of proportion. Dinoflagellates are a type of algae and protist responsible for releasing a chemical that acts as a neurotoxin (called brevetoxins) in many organisms. This results in neurological effects in animals, birds, and other marine life. Red tides are not considered a new phenomenon, as they were first documented in the 1700s in the Gulf

Many organisms have a symbiotic relationship with coral, the three major ones being fish, algae, and dinoflagellate. Fish live inside of the coral reefs, and in return the coral gives it shelter. The fish will also eat excess algae on coral to help keep the coral healthy. The fish are also known as tertiary consumers in this situation (Payment 30). Algae is an organism that kills and protects coral, resulting in a rather interesting symbiotic relationship. Algae is not beneficial to young coral,

Mariana Lanz Biology Part 1 The scientific process is a process that consists of many steps in order to help scientists achieve a factual conclusion. Six actions are taken in this process including observation, communication, classification, measurement, inference, and prediction. Scientific advancement is the idea that, using the scientific process, science will continue to advance and grow. Scientists can use the knowledge they obtain from doing experiment and help progress different areas of

Introduction Bioluminescence is the emission of light by living organisms arising by exergonic chemical reactions. The term ‘bioluminescence’ originates from the Greek bios for "living" and the Latin lumen for “cold light" emission as less than 20% of the light generates thermal radiation. This has been reported in many terrestrial and aquatic organisms including bacteria, fungi, insects, algae, squid etc. Some of the bioluminescent organisms occur in symbiotic relationship with the higher organisms

Protists is an artificial grouping. It contains a pacific group of organisms. They have been around for years. Protists are not plants, nor animals, nor fungi, nor bacteria, or archaeons. This group has been around for a couple of centuries. They come from a large diverse group of eukaryotic microorganism unicellular animals and plants and do not have tissue. Like most plants and animals have tissue that you can identify them into groups or categories. Protists are microscopic and motile. Protists

Red tides Red tide is a generic term for harmful algal bloom or HAB. Red tides occur as a result of explosion of algae population such as dinoflagellates. The expansive population concentrates along the water column and cluster in one area of the ocean, this results in the change of color of the surface water. Red tides occur along coastal areas. Color: Red tides are not necessarily always red. The color may vary from deep shades of red to pink, orange, brown or even yellow. http://www.livescience

Maha Giundi Dr. Christos Dimos SCI4061 March 26, 2015 Lab Exercise 7: The Fungi: Molds and Yeasts Purpose: The purpose of this lab experiment is to observe examples of asexual and sexual structures of different types of fungal structures. This experiment is to also compare and contrast sexual structures of the three major fungi divisions; zygomycota, ascomycota, and basidiomycota. Hypothesis: I expect that the three sexual structures of fungi will appear to be visibly different and reflect the shapes

In the past, there had been some speculations that dinoflagellates, which have permanently condensed chromosomes, continuously synthesize DNA throughout the cell cycle (Karentz 1983). Recent evidence, especially from studies using single cell DNA measurements, do not support this hypothesis and indicate a clearly defined S phase (e.g. Bhaud et al. 1991). Interestingly, of all phytoplankton species studied to date, only the dinoflagellate Gyrodinium uncatenum displays a cell cycle with a very

Why is it important for oceanographer to study phytoplankton? Plankton is found all over the planet, these are organisms that live in the oceans. They are very small and they can’t swim very well against current. Many plankton organisms are either a plant or animal and planktons are consider the most important organism of the ocean. One of the most important categories of plankton are phytoplankton which are small plants that are only visible by using a microscope. Phytoplankton plays an important

1 – Denitrification Denitrification is the process that converts nitrate to nitrogen gas, thus removing bioavailable nitrogen and returning it to the atmosphere. Dinitrogen gas (N2) is the ultimate end product of denitrification, but other intermediate gaseous forms of nitrogen exist (Figure 7). Some of these gases, such as nitrous oxide (N2O), are considered greenhouse gasses, reacting with ozone and contributing to air pollution. Unlike nitrification, denitrification is an anaerobic process, occurring

fertilizers used on crops. When rains or winds come through the fertilizer is carried from the fields into the rivers and streams that then lead into the ocean(Effect of Runoff). Red tide had been a huge issue that is unpreventable and caused by dinoflagellates (Red Tide). Red Tide is a type of algal bloom that takes up oxygen in the water. When the oxygen levels in the ocean are lowered it can kill many plants which is very unfortunate for the manatees considering they are herbivores and with their

dwindle as reefs are left barren by coral bleaching. “Bleaching is the phenomenon of corals’ expelling their zooxanthellae. Zooxanthellae are single-celled plants that live in the tissues of animals in coral”(Jaques 119). They are photosynthetic dinoflagellates and live within coral symbiotically. The zooxanthellae produce energy for the coral in exchange for carbon dioxide. Without the presence of these organisms coral has a low survivability rate,

Biology SBI3U-C Unit 5 Lesson 17 Key Questions: 53. Using the shark anatomy picture and the key provided, classify the 10 sharks labelled 1-10 in the diagram below. 1) Rajidae 2) Alopiidae 3) Pristiophoridae 4) Isuridae 5) Sphrynidea 6) Scapanrhynchidae 7) Hexanchidae 8) Rhinocodontidae 9) Dasyatidae 10) Carcharhindiae 54. Explain what is meant by binomial nomenclature. Binomial nomenclature is a system in which every species has a two-part name. The system is based upon similarities that exist

HOST PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Interaction between host and the pathogen • Defense mechanisms of host as well as the pathogen • Components of host-pathogen interactions • Basis of host-pathogen interactions • Types of interactions • Significance of host-pathogen interactions INTRODUCTION Every organic being is related, in the most essential yet often hidden manner, to that of all other organic beings, with which it comes into competition for food or residence, or from which it has