Endotoxin Essays

Predation in the field This study confirms that invasive red king crab fed on both capelin eggs and capelin off the coast of Finnmark, Norway. Capelin was found in 81.6% and 21.7% of the analysed red king crab stomachs in 2005 and 2006, respectively, while capelin eggs were found in 23.2% and 10.0% of crabs in 2005 and 2006, respectively. These results are in accordance with a previous study where 19% of the analysed red king crab stomachs were reported to contain capelin eggs (Anisimova et al. 2005)

killed during the sterilization process. The pyrogen substance that is produces is called endotoxin. Medical instruments (such as surgical instruments and in certain cases of implants) may contain endotoxin on the surface of the instruments, due to this the LAL test is performed (Mazzotti et al, 2007). Endotoxin is released into the environment during bacterial cell death or cell division occurs. Endotoxin is known as a potent inflammatory

main reason endotoxins are of concern, is that they are pyrogenic. Pyrogens are a group of compounds that have the ability to raise the core body temperature of the individual once introduced into the bloodstream. This can lead to rapid inflammation and shock and in some cases organ failure which leads to eventual death. Bacterial endotoxins are most likely to found in a manufacturing environment, therefore, testing usually focuses on the detection of the compounds. Bacterial endotoxins are synonymous

Enterococci can survive in monoculture, but cause only minor lesions. The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria contains endotoxin, which is present in all necrotic teeth with periapical lesions, and is able to trigger an inflammatory response even in the absence of viable bacteria. Furthermore, the levels of endotoxin in necrotic root canals are positively correlated to clinical symptoms such as spontaneous pain and tenderness to percussion.85 Virulent Gram-negative

There are many approaches within psychology that study the influence of sex differences in human behaviours such as, behavioural, cognitive and biological approaches. There are many factors within each approach that contribute and influence the development of sex differences in human behaviours. Within biological psychology, there are many factors that combine to influence the difference between the sexes, such as genetics and hormones and brain structure and function. Research methods used by biological

Horseshoe crabs (limulidae) play a major role in our ecosystem, health studies and basic lives; which is why there are many ongoing conservation programs for this species and the bays where they come ashore to lay their eggs. Horseshoe crabs play a major role in the ecosystem by providing numerous other animals with food, many of which are migratory birds or sharks. these crabs spawn on Delaware beaches during the spring full moons, with the largest spawning site being the Inland Bays

Now as most people may know is that with our world’s great population which is constantly growing and which creates a greater demand for more food such as crops, which are things like vegetables and certain kinds of roots such as carrots. So in order to meet these larger demands for crops bio-engineer’s made crops that can withstand colder environments and crops that can withstand many other things such as parasites or insects that eat the crops such as caterpillars and tomato plants. Bio-engineers

Lipid A Lipid A is a component of a poison responsible for the “anchoring” of the toxin to the outer membrane of immune system cells. The poison reacts with the body's immune system, causing septic shock. It is found in endotoxins of toxic, gram-negative bacteria. We chose this lipid due to it’s toxicity and unique, simplistic name. Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) DHA is a lipid that acts as a structural component of the nervous system and regulates the transport of neurotransmitters. It’s found in the

Risk factors It has been recognized that the progression of periodontal disease, its severity, and its response to treatment varies from patient to patient. Bacteria are important for disease but insufficient by themselves to cause the disease. It is the patient’s risk factors, and the host susceptibility that determine probability to the disease. Risk factors are patient characteristics associated with the development of disease. There are a number of acquired and environmental risk factors that

Figure 1: Type of cells The fundamental organelles in eukaryotic cell include: mitochondrion that is the powerhouse of metabolism, generating energy by process of respiration in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) .It has its own stranded DNA hence able to self-replicate itself and multiply to replace the worn out cells during process of respiration .The mitochondrion is sac-like in its structure. The cell membrane is an organelle with the ability to select permeable substances into the cell

While decreasing pesticide use can be very beneficial for the health of consumers, Jeffery Smith from the Institute for Responsible Technology points out that growing corn with Bt endotoxin means that you are consuming a pesticide inside every bite of corn”. According to the Center for Food Safety, Bt corn has the potential to trigger an allergic response because the actual DNA of the corn has been altered, introducing new proteins

uninsured. (Source: "UNT Experts Discuss Hurricane Katrina 's Third Anniversary," UNT News, August 28, 2008.) During the aftermath of Katrina, the main concern on health was the amount of water left behind. Outbreaks of West Nile, mold, and endotoxin levels rising were of great concern. New types of bacteria from the open water, leaving New Orleans with little to defense. The medical centers were either destroyed or in utter disarray and power was lost for quite a while. Not only was the amount

Background information Dot blot The Dot blot technique is a very simple method used to analyzing, detecting and identifying proteins. It is very similar in principle to the detection of samples in Southern blot, Northern blot, or Western blot. In the dot blot assay, the protein samples are not first separated by electrophoresis. Instead, the protein samples to be detected are spotted through circular templates directly onto the paper substrate or membrane. The Dot blot methodology offers significant

Cyanobacteria or cyanophyta is commonly known as blue-green algae which is a type of bacteria. The colour pigment they have is from phycocyanin along with chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is in all green plants, algae and also cyanobacteria which helps them absorb light to create energy to be able to perform photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria grows at the ocean shore or pools and ponds at their edges although they can be found in soil, water and salt water. Cyanobacteria live in sheets like films, but thin enough

TYPE OF DISEASE OR INFECTION Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important organisms that cause community-acquired skin and soft tissue infections as well as life-threatening nosocomial infections. S. aureus affects the bloodstream, skin, soft tissues and lower respiratory tracts. S. aureus is the leading cause of necrotizing pneumonia, bacteremia, infective endocarditis, osteoarticular, skin, soft tissue, pleuropulmonary, device-related and various surgical wound infections. The infections

Threadworm: Strongyloies westeri inhibit in small intestine and causes diarrhoea and weight loss in foals. 14. 4 PINWORMS Adult pinworms ‘oxyuris equi’ live in the large intestine. Females migrate to anus to deposit eggs in cement-like mixture. This “egg-cement” dries, cracks, and detaches from the skin in flakes causing irritation, severe itching and restlessness. The affected horse rubs its tail causing a characteristic ‘rat-tail’ appearance. Severe rubbing may cause secondary infection of the

A genetically modified organism (GMO) is an organism whose genome or genetic characteristics have been modified or changed by a technique known as genetic engineering so that its DNA contains one or more genes that do not occur naturally in the organism. The most common of all the GMOs are the genetically modified foods, which have sparked a widespread debate as to whether or not GMOs are beneficial or harmful to human health and the environment. The human population has developed more concern as

A surgical site infection is an infection that occurs after surgery in the part of the body where the surgery took place. Surgical site infections can sometimes be superficial infections involving the skin only. Other surgical site infections are more serious and can involve tissues under the skin, organs, or implanted material. Surgical site infection (SSI) is defined as an infection occurring within 30 days after a surgical operation (or within 1 year if an implant is left in place after procedure)

Abstract Diabetic vascular complication is a leading cause of diabetic nephropathy, a progressive increase in urinary albumin excretion coupled with elevated blood pressure leading to declined glomerular filtration and eventually end stage renal failure. There is growing evidence that activated inflammation is contributing factor to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Meanwhile, IL-18, a member of the IL-1 family of inflammatory cytokines, is involved in the development and progression of diabetic

with unstimulated cells (Fig. 3). It is well established that glial cells are the resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system, plays a critical role in inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration disorders. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin, the outer membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria, is a major pathogenic factor in sepsis. LPS has been established for inflammatory research because LPS induces systemic inflammation mimicking the initial clinical features of sepsis (Block