Glucocorticoid Essays

Definition: Cushing Syndrome: occurs when your body has been exposed to the hormone cortisol for a long period of time. The most common cause of Cushing’s Syndrome is called hypercortisolism is the use of oral corticosteroid medication. The condition can also occur when your body makes too much cortisol. Cushing’s Syndrome is an endocrine disorder of the adrenal glands, it causes physical and physiological effects. Because of to much cortisol it could cause some hallmark signs: like hypertension

Basic pharmacology of agent used in the treatment of asthma Pharmacodynamics about Salbutamol (INN) or albuterol (USAN), a moderately selective beta (2)-receptor agonist similar in structure to terbutaline, is widely used as a bronchodilator to manage asthma and other chronic obstructive airway diseases. The R-isomer, levalbuterol, is responsible for bronchodilation while the S-isomer increases bronchial reactivity. The R-enantiomer is sold in its pure form as Levalbuterol. The manufacturer of levalbuterol

While glucocorticoids clearly hasten the resolution of orbital pain, there is no definitive evidence that the cranial neuropathies recover any faster with or without treatment. Little consideration has been given to alternative therapies, probably due to the typical rapid response to glucocorticoids. Administration of IV glucocorticoids is often recommended, but oral prednisone is also effective. The Tolosa-Hunt syndrome

far west as Ohio and Arkansas. These lizards live in a number of habitats including woodlands, grasslands, and shrublands but they usually stick to areas with trees. Glucocorticoids has a big impact on animal population, fitness and performance. In this research, he exposed the lizard mother to cortisol which increased the glucocorticoids level and this was used to observe offspring behaviour and

Gout is the most common inflammatory type of arthritis affecting adults. The clinical syndrome of gout arises from deposition of urate crystals in joints,where they cause an inflammatory response, and in soft tissues where they do not. Crystal deposition occurs when serum becomes saturated with urate,the final breakdown product of purine metabolism.It is characterized by chronic hyperuricemia which is defined as serum urate levels above 6.8mg/dl,the level above which the physiological saturation

Typically, the patient begins using the topical agent to treat an underlying disorder causing nasal obstruction. This disorder still needs to be evaluated. Treatment involves stopping the topical nasal decongestants. Topical glucocorticoids and possibly oral glucocorticoid agents can help minimize edema and inflammation and can be of significant benefit in obtaining compliance with cessation of decongestants. Other medications causing increased nasal congestion include certain antihypertensives

Instrumental learning; Goal Directed Vs. Habitual Habits and routines are a part of our everyday life. They are performed almost automatically. They allow attention to be focussed elsewhere in a continuously changing environment. (Graybiel, 2008). Instrumental learning is a way of learning, which occurs through reinforcements and punishments. Classical theories of instrumental learning emphasized the relationship between stimulus and response (Thorndike, 1911). Classical theories however failed

According to Wikipedia, "Cortisol is a steroid hormone, or glucocorticoid, produced by the adrenal gland. It is release in response to stress and low-level of blood glucocorticoids." When cortisol is released in your system, it will not only slow down your metabolism but it will cause unhealthy food cravings and emotional eating. This is the type of behavior that derails

AGE RELATED CHANGES IN ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Adil Jumani-2015M063 1. Describe the effect of aging on the functions of the endocrine pancreas.  Aging of the pancreas is usually divided into two main groups- endocrine and exocrine aging. The endocrine part of the aging mainly includes impairment in the function of beta cells which leads to a decrease in the formation of insulin from proinsulin, also leading to an abnormal secretion of insulin.  These impairments in the beta cells are due to lipid

1) Define the terms allostasis and allostatic load (2 marks, 1 sentence each). Allostasis is important for one’s survival, similar to the functions of homeostasis; it is defined as one’s capability to reach stability through a series of changes. Allostatic load is caused by chronic stress as one either encounters a maximum or minimum amount of activity that results the wearing and tearing of this system (McEwen, 1998). 2) Describe the 4 different types of allostatic load (Fig 3) and for each describe

TERMINOLOGY CLINICAL CLARIFICATION 6 • Ambiguous genitalia (also called disorders of sex development or DSD) is a diverse catalog of congenital anomalies that encompasses genotype and phenotype irregularities, endocrine abnormalities and enzymatic dysfunctions in the organs that express human sexual identification. These include male and female pseudohermaphroditism, gonadal dysgenesis, and true hermaphroditism. CLASSIFICATION 4 • Formal taxonomy of disorders of sex development (note that some

Pulmonary surfactant Introduction Pulmonary surfactant is a complex mixture of phospholipids (PL) and proteins (SP) that reduce surface tension at the air-liquid interface of the alveolus, thus preventing its collapse during end-exhalation (Daniels, 2003; Malloy et al., 2005). It also participates in innate host defense against inhaled pathogens (Malloy et al., 2005). Surfactant is synthesized and secreted by Type II alveolar epithelial cells, also called pneumocytes, which differentiate between

An example of a disease that results from an imbalance in a negative feedback mechanism is Cushing’s Syndrome/disease. Cushing’s Syndrome occurs when our body produces high levels of a glucocorticoid hormone called cortisol. When produced at the ideal level, cortisol is very beneficial to our body for it helps regulate blood pressure and the immune system. A normal production of cortisol begins when a hormone (produced in the hypothalamus) called corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulates

Nursing interventions are actions used to further the course of treatment for a patient. Once the assessment and diagnosis are completed, the nurse must follow through with planning, interventions and evaluation. An elderly patient is presented with numerous medical issues and experiencing difficulty breathing. Once the patient is diagnosed with hypertension, COPD, GERD, and exacerbation, the nurse can approve appropriate interventions to treat the pathophysiology of each disease. An appropriate

Scientists are starting to show how badly stress is lethal to humans. Robert Sapolsky, a Neurobiologist from Stanford University says that there are two hormones to stress, which are adrenaline also known as Epinephrine, the other hormone is called Glucocorticoid that stress response is critical to our survival. It is even said that stress can stop your body from healing itself. Stress can cause people to gain weight in their stomach, making our brains smaller, as well as unraveling our

Pharmacological interventions like glucocorticoids preserve ambulation and other complications (Bushby et al 2009 pg 7). With glucocorticoid therapy, physiotherapy interventions must be incorporated into the rehabilitation programme for a patient to perform quality functional activities. The management of muscle extensibility and joint contractures

voluntary muscles in the arms, legs, and trunk. Due to this progressive muscle weakness, often the patients become bound to the wheelchair at an early age. Usually scoliosis surgery and/ or physical therapeutic measures such as physiotherapy or glucocorticoids are recommended for slowing disease progression and to offer symptomatic relief. However, due to the unavailability of disease-modifying treatment,

All that we do, we are bound to encounter stress. Stress can be defined as a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or very demanding circumstances. Whenever one is facing difficulty ,suffering anxiety, or feeling worried,stress will immediately take over. Stress has been, and will remain to be, a natural part of our daily routine. This causes many to underestimate its overall effects. The 2008 National Geographic documentary, Stress, Portrait of a Killer, explains

Microtubules Microtubules perform highly critical roles in the cell. If some perturbation happens, microtubules cannot function properly thus leads to diverse diseases in some tissue. In human body, the dysfunction of microtubules can cause many devastating diseases, for instance, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Parkinson Disease, and Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a degenerative muscle disease, which caused by the increased production of oxidase dependent reactive

Approximately, 80% of children achieved complete remission. The availability of drug modification has been made apart from induction regimens of vincristine, anthracycline and glucocorticoid (Rabin & Poplack 2011). The use of dexamethasone versus prednisone varies among groups of patients because each of these glucocorticoids has pros and cons. Adams et al. (2011) made an evaluation tool called QuEST Tool to determine the quality of life in patients receiving steroids particularly in children with