Hypochlorous acid Essays

Chlorine is manufactured commercially by running an electric current through salt water. As results of this process a free chlorine, hydrogen, and sodium hydroxide are produced. Consequently, the Chlorine is changed to its liquid form by compressing the gas, the resulting liquid is the chlorine, which is usually mixed into drinking water and swimming pools to disinfect bacteria. Unfortunately, the chlorination causes the formation of the Disinfection By-products (DBPs), also known as Trihalomethanes

Free chlorine is the chlorine available to sterilise the water and is usually represented by hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions. When a solution containing free chlorine is exposed to ultraviolet light both hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions are broken down as shown below: 2OC〖l^-〗_((aq.))+u.v.→2C〖l^-〗_((aq.))+〖O_2〗_((g)) 2HOCl_((aq.))+u.v.→2HCl_((aq.))+〖O_2〗_((g)) When chloramine is exposed to high-energy

titration with sodium hydroxide solution. Introduction: Carbon dioxide plays an important role in soft drinks. Soda water is manufactured by pumping carbon dioxide into water under high pressure. Carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, which is the fizz we find in soft drinks. CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3 The popping sound we hear when we open the can of fizzy drink, the bubbles and sparkle we see in the soft drink, and the feeling of bubble popping on your tongue, all of these are due

waters (Environment Canada 2012). Through a dual oxidation process, Nitrate is formed in a reaction of Nitrogen with Ammonium ion producing fertilizer and manure. The oxidation state of a nitrate compound is 1- . Nitrate is the conjugate base of nitric acid (HNO3), a strong

role of stomach acid Chapter 14 section 1 Noopur Rajendra Grade – 11AA 25/04/2016 Ms. Sara Kassem Sharjah American International School Discuss the role of hydrochloric acid in the digestion of foods. Point out how excess acid contributes to the discomfort known as indigestion. Explain how the stomach secretes a mucous layer, which protects it from being damaged by the hydrochloric acid it produces. Abstract Hydrochloric acid, which is also called HCl, is a highly corrosive acid. It is a strong

oxygen in extreme cases it could cause death. It could react with other chemicals causing more sickness. If you consume nitrate then you could just get small stomach flu, but when pregnant, or a baby it could cause much worse because your stomach acids are different.

The aim of the investigation was to determine the effect of pH on the rate at which catalase decomposes hydrogen peroxide and consequently answer the researchable question “How does pH influence cells and consequently an organism”. The hypothesis, “As the pH deviates from 7 the initial rate of oxygen production will decrease” is supported by the results. The trend displayed in Figure 3 is, as the pH deviates from 7 the initial rate of reaction decreases. Figure 3 shows that the rate of reaction (%O2/s)

The temperature of the water was then recorded to the nearest 0.1⁰C. Then the melting points of phenylacetic acid, o-anisic acid, and benzilic acid were determined by the use of a Mel-Temp. The unknown sample was obtained from the chemical stockroom. A small scale of crystals from unknown was placed in a test tube with the following solvents: cyclohexane, hexane, toluene, diethyl

The objective of the Bromocresol Green Equilibrium System Lab was to determine if the equilibrium constant, K, was a true constant at constant temperature. To determine this, the value of the constant was found at different concentrations of HIn, HIn-, and at varying pH, which was used to determine the concentration of H+. K was found using the equation K= [HIn]/([In-][H+]). In order to be a true constant, none of the values of K found should differ from the average by more than two standard deviations

hydoxyproline, Serum ascorbic acid, Serum calcium, Urinary calcium, Serum sialic acid, Serum hexosamine, Serum inorganic phosphate were estimated by spectrophotometic method. Result: The study

This 1938 Palmolive soap bar advertisement utilizes its art style along with rhetorical devices such as logos, pathos and ethos. Logos is being utilized through the doctor 's recommendation as well as mentioning on how it helps reduce dry skin. The advertisement also cites the rhetoric device of pathos by using scare tactics to convince its readers to use Palmolive soap. Ethos is presented to encourage the use of Palmolive soap through the notion that women are wanting to look beautiful for their

The Gatorade ad is effective because it appeals to sports fans and athletes and self-actualization needs.It features a basketball player, Dwyane Wade, drinking a bottle of Gatorade.He takes up the entire page and has his back to the camera. Wade is looking up towards something in the distance. The orange color of the Gatorade bottle stands out against the background, which is faded. There is a gym in the background with a window at the top left of the page , with a faded Miami Heat logo near the

Discussion: In this experiment, freezing point depression was used to determine the molar mass of three unknown solids. First, the freezing point of the mixture of ice and water was determined, as freezing occurs when both the solid and liquid phases pre-present together. The temperature when the ice and water mixture reached equilibrium was recorded. Then, the solution of the unknown solids was prepared and its freezing point was determined. Then the equation of molarity allowed the experimenters

The topic that the scientist has researched is the reaction rate of different particle sizes. In the experiment, the scientist will discover how the particle size of Alka Seltzer affects the rate of chemical reaction with water. The independent variable in the experiment is the particle size of the Alka Seltzer, while the dependent variable is the rate of reaction, or the volume of Carbon dioxide. The volume of carbon dioxide will be measured in ml. Also, a few of the constants in the experiment

compounds, the ketone obtained at the end of the experiment could only be one of four products, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, 3-heptanone, or 2-heptanone. In order to retrieve one of these ketones, first 1.75g of unknown D was obtained. 1mL of Acetic acid was then added to Unknown D and the solution was stirred. Next, 15mL of sodium

it causes water vapour to condense forming small water droplets. We breathe in oxygen and some nitrogen which is essential for life. We exhale carbon dioxide that can be tested for limewater because carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form carbonic acid (H2 C03). Glucose is a reactant of respiration. The glucose in your blood comes from carbohydrates in your food. Carbohydrates include sugar and starchy foods like: bread, pasta and rice. Keywords: Carbon dioxide, Glucose, Water, Oxygen and energy

If there is a change in concentration, temperature, volume, or total pressure the equilibrium will change in order to react to the change. This concept was shwon throughout the experiment by the adding of new reagents and temperature changes. This was shown by the mixing of NH4NCS and Fe(NO3)3. The two chemicals together produced a dark red FeNCS2+. Since the solution became a dark red, the concentration of FeNCS2+ had increased. The darker solution means that the products are more favored at equilibrium

The average concentration of my unknown Al3+ solution (#41) was 0.02372 0.00016 mol/L. My %RSD was 0.67%, which I would say is very good. This means my precision relative to my average was very good. When calculating the mass of the precipitate, my Trial #1 and #2 were both 0.271X, with Trial #3 being 0.27XX. Having Trial #1 and #2 being only 1 decimal place different from each other was very surprising to me, and indicated high precision. This led to a low standard deviation and a low %RSD. I think

You can maintain a white, healthy smile by making a few changes in your diet. There are a number of foods that can stain your teeth. Below is a list of foods that can stain your teeth: Pickles The reason that pickles have a sour taste is because they are acidic. Acidic foods like pickles can stain your teeth. They can also lead to enamel erosion. Keep in mind that enamel erosion is an irreversible process. Coffee Coffee can stain your teeth. However, if you find it difficult to go through your

its cover in 8mL, so the solution is generated. After that, put an aluminum wire into the beaker, and after a certain period of time the solution gains color. To finish the reaction, 5 drops of 6M of Hydrochloric acid is added into the beaker to clean the solution, which means that acid dissolves all salts of aluminum that is on the solution. After finishing the chemical process, collect and use the Butcher funnel to wash the cooper because it is going to be used to a vacuum filtration. After finishing