Ion Essays

two reactions, which is the better nucleophile, chloride ion or bromide ion? Try to explain this. Bromine is a better nucleophile. The chloride ion is more polar since it is above bromine on the periodic table and is more prone to hydrogen bonding due to its smaller size. Chloride ions are worse than bromine ions for nucleophilic attack, because the chloride ions are fully solvated and are not as available to attack. This is why Bromine ion is better nucleophile because is less electronegative and

Identification of metal ions and inorganic compounds in aqueous solution Introduction: Qualitative analysis is the identification a sample's component(s). Unlike a quantitative analysis, we are not concerned with the amount of a substance present in a sample but only with its identity. In this exercise we will focus on identifying the cations and anions that make up ionic compounds, both solid and in solution. Ideally there would be chemical tests that could be used to identify individual ions without interference

consistent orange flame. Potassium omitted purple light, magnesium showed no change in color, and calcium produced a red light. When heated, due to the excited movement of the electrons specifically in the metal ions within the compound, flame colors are produced (2). The structure of a sodium ion in its ground state is 1s22s22p6 (6). When heat is applied, its electrons then gain energy giving them the ability to jump into empty orbitals at high levels (2). Once the electrons reach a higher level however

Mariel Beauroyre 9-B A chemical bond is form with the joining of two or more atoms (when two atoms are joined they form molecules and compounds.) Which are being held together by the attraction (force attraction) of atoms through sharing as well as exchanging electrons. Chemical bonds are found in molecules, crystals, or in solid metals. They also organized the atoms in order structures. But why are they important you may ask? They’re important because every material or substance in the world

dissolves into the solid because it causes the barium carbonate or calcium carbonate to dissociate, which results in barium or calcium ions in the water, preparing the ion for the addition of ammonium hydroxide and potassium chromate. If the acetic acid fails to fully dissolve in the solid, it will prevent the barium or calcium from reacting with the chromate ion in the following step thus deeming the results in a false positive. In other words, the solution would appear as if barium or calcium was

Abstract: An unknown solution (unknown number 40) was used to identify the presence of different cations in the solution. The separation method was used to identify ions present in the unknown solution. The unknown number 40 solution contains 2 different cations from different group, Hg^(2+) from the silver group and Bi^(3+) from the cupper group. Another experiment was performed with, unknown solution number 2, which helps to identify the presence of the Barium-Magnesium Group. A flame test was

A net ionic equation shows only the species that actually take part in the reaction. In solution, Na2S dissociates into Na and S2 ions and ZnCl2 dissociates into Zn2 and Cl ions. As per our lab, zinc ions (Zn 2) and sulfide ions (S2) formed an insoluble compound, zinc sulfide (ZnS), while the other product, NaCl, was soluble and remains in solution. This reaction is called a precipitation reaction. The balanced molecular equation

by either ionic or covalent bonds. IONIC BONDING: Ionic Bonding is the complete transferring of valence electrons between two atoms. This type of chemical bonding results in two oppositely charged ions, a cation and an anion In ionic bonding the electrostatic attraction between the charged ions holds the compound together. Example: Bonding of Sodium and chlorine. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 Fig.1 to show the electronic configuration of sodium along with its atomic mass and atomic number The

Unknown White Compound by conducting various test and learning how to use lab techniques. Tests that are used during this experiment were a flame test, ion test, pH test, and conductivity test. The results drawn from these tests confirmed the identity of the Unknown White Compound to be sodium acetate (NaC2H3O2) because there were no presence of ions and sodium has a strong persistent orange color. The compound then will be synthesized with the compounds Na2CO3 and HC2H3O2 to find percent yield. Weighed

Answer # 1: Ionic Bonds: A molecule or an atom that losses or gains electrons are called ions. Atoms from cations, when they lose electrons or anions when they gain electrons. Ionic bond is basically a strong bond formed when oppositely charged ions are attracting to each other. Ionic bonds are non-directional bonds might be attracted to one another in any direction. For example: Sodium atomic radius = 0.192 nm Chlorine atomic radius = 0.099 nm Sodium ionic radius = 0.095 nm Chlorine

attraction of charged ions. On the other hand, a covalent compound, forms when two nonmetals attract to each other, when some of their atoms share an electron. Ionic and

As the water was added to the heated sample, the solid copper chloride began to dissolve into a pretty blue-green solution, as a result of the compound breaking apart into individual Cu2+ and Cl- ions. When the water was first mixed with the copper chloride, it dissolved the solid pretty slowly, turning into a sort of mush at first. However, eventually, the water dissolved all of the solid copper chloride and the solution was homogenous. Since the

as reinforced as an ionic compound, thus it takes less energy to separate. In addition, unknown B has a very low solubility and conductivity, this is due to the atoms sharing electrons, therefore they cannot have the ability to separate and form an ion. However, it should be noted that covalent compounds should most definitely not be conductive or soluble, but the results have shown otherwise, thus it should be concluded that there may have been contamination between the scoopula’s used. Conclusion

Metals form positive ions and non-metals form negative ions, thus making ionic bonds the electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions (BBC, 2014). Ionic bonds transfer valence electrons, from the metal to the non-metal. They tend to have high melting and boiling points since they are very strong and need a lot of energy for the bonds to be broken. Although ions are charged particles, ionic compounds can only conduct electricity if their ions are free to move. They do not

number of 0 Al(s), Cl2(g), S8(s), C60(s). Each of these atoms is neutral. Remember, if there is only one type of atom present in a molecule, it is in its elemental state. Rules when elements are part of a compound Monoatomic ions have the same oxidation state as their ions Zn2+ has an oxidation state of +2 O2- has an oxidation state of –2 If we have an ionic compound, we know (or can figure out) the charges by inspection. VBr3 oxidation state of V3+ is +3 and Br– is –1 Fluorine is always –1

Energy was used to set up the ion gradient and that is why there are more sodium ions outside the membrane than the inside. The sodium ions are transported forcefully outside the cell membrane and the potassium ions are transported forcefully inside the cell membrane. The energy that is used for this is in the form of ATP which is broken down into ADP + P2. This is known as a sodium potassium pump. This process is called an active transport which means that it uses energy by breaking down a molecule

the change in the solubility of a substance by the change in temperature, pressure, etc. Precipitants are most likely to form in an aqueous double displacement reaction with occurs with the ions of two compounds switching places or an aqueous single displacement reaction, where a single ion will replace an ion in a compound. Whether or not a reaction occurs can be based on the

some electrons to reach the stable configuration; meanwhile the atom of another element (usually nonmetal) gains these electrons. In the example of NaCl, an electron transfers from sodium to chlorine. Next, as a result, the ion that loses electrons becomes the cation while the ion that gains electrons becomes anion. In NaCl, sodium gains a positive charge, forming Na+, at the same time, chlorine gains a negative charge, forming Cl—. Lastly, the electrostatic

of the particular reaction that occurred. As seen in Table 5 it is shown that by finding out the number of moles of the unknown, the molar mass of the unknown can be calculated. From the found mass of the unknown compound, the mound of the original ion can be found. In all trials, some of the precipitate was lost through the filter. Therefor all values are most likely less than the actual values due to

silver nitrate reacted and yielded barium nitrate and silver chloride. The ionic salt products could be dissolved in water. When this occurred, H20 weakened the bond between the ions and surrounds the two ions individually because of an attraction to create a solution. The dipolar forces of water surrounded the separated ions and kept them in solution which was a manifestation of intermolecular forces. The dipole of water interacted with the dipole of the salt, due to the anion and cation composing