Mesencephalon Essays

Memories in the Human Brain When we recall memories, the brain “replays” a pattern of neural activity. These replays are not exactly the same to the original memories. Otherwise we would not know the difference between genuine experience and the memory. The human brain is divided into different parts that store and retrieve memories. How do we recall and store memories inside the brain? To store memories, information flows from the outside world through our five senses. Memories are not stored

ventricles. In addition, vomiting, nausea, visual disturbances, such as Parinaud Syndrome, auditory and balance deficits may be present as a result of pyramidal tract dysfunction. The proximity of the tectal plate to the aqueduct of Sylvius in the mesencephalon makes non-communicating hydroencephalus the most likely culprit for the increased intracranial pressure. Diagnosis of tectal plate glioma is based

other is cerebellum. The cerebellum is the large, convoluted structure on the brain stem’s dorsal surface. Cerebellar damage eliminates the ability to precisely control one’s movements and to adapt them to changing conditions. The other part is Mesencephalon, which also has two divisions like the metencephalon. These parts are “tectum” and “tegmentum”. Tectum is responsible of visual and auditory function. The tegmentum, by the way, plays the role in mediating the pain-reducing effects of opiate

A. Theoretical Background: The nervous system is categorized into two different divisions: The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS mainly consists of the brain and spinal cord. The PNS consists of the nerve impulses that carry synapses to and from the spinal cord. It includes the cranial nerves such as ganglia, enteric plexuses and sensory receptors. The PNS can also be divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous system, which is divided further into the

situated in the DRG. They are bifurcate axons: the peripheral branch innervates the skin and the central branches synapse on second-order neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (Hunt et al., 2001). The second-order neurons project to the mesencephalon and thalamus, which in turn associate with somatosensory and anterior cingulate cortices to manage tactile-discriminative and affective-cognitive features of pain, separetly. The spinal dorsal horn is a main site of combination of somatosensory

1.5 Functional anatomy of hippocampus The hippocampus anatomically is located in the temporal lobe of the human brain on the medial surface deep inside the uncus. It is a major component of the limbic system. Its name is derived from a Greek word which means “Sea horse”. The curved shape of the hippocampus resembles a ram’s horn and hence Cornu Ammonis (CA). The medial part below the CA forms the dentate gyrus. The hippocampus is differentiated from other cortical areas in the brain due to its

1.1 Stress and Stressors The term stress was derived from physics by Hans Selye, an endocrinologist who has been regarded as the father of research in stress. He proposed that ‘stress is a non-specific strain on the body caused by irregularities in normal body functions’. Stress is anything that disturbs the “homeostasis” of the body (Schneiderman, 2005). It can also be defined as the inability of an animal to cope up with its surrounding environment (Dobson, 2000). It is characterised by physiological