Polyvinyl chloride Essays

Polyvinyl chloride is obtained by chain polymerization. Double bonds of vinyl chloride monomer get opened up. Since monomers possess a double bond between two of their carbon atoms in their structures, those get activated in the presence of tiny concentrations of starters. In this way, double bonds get open and monomers react rapidly so they associate with each other by forming macromolecules chains. Polyvinyl chloride polymerization is a highly exothermic reaction, where a high amount of heat is

The conversations about why bottled water is bad has become a great argument. Why is bottled water suddenly being attacked? Bottled water is being attacked due to the effects bottles have on wildlife. Water bottles are also being attacked because of the toxins the bottles emit into the water that can be harmful to humans. Bottled water is also being attacked due to the outrageous price of water bottles. Each of these problems are often overlooked and not worried about. Though each problem can cause

High-grade jacket materials such as polyurethane (PUR) should be considered. PUR is resistant to harsh conditions such as oils, fire, abrasions and chemicals. Lower grade jacket materials, such as PVC, while less expensive cannot handle exposure to oils and chemicals and might degrade. PVC also becomes brittle and cracks at low temperatures. Material selection can be dependent on the material’s electrical, mechanical and environmental capabilities and the ease with which they can be attached to

Identification of Unknown Solutions and Ammonium Salts preAice Chemistry Lab Report Descriptions of unknown solutions: Unknown Descriptions A Clear, colorless, odorless liquid. B Clear, colorless, odorless liquid. C Clear, red-brown, odorless liquid D Clear, yellow-orange, odorless liquid. Observations of unknown solutions: Unknown NaOH HNO3 & AgNO3 Diluted HNO3 & BaCl2 HCl A No reaction (+)Yellow ppt. formed Did not test (+)Effervescence (bubbles) B No reaction

2. In the contest of these two reactions, which is the better nucleophile, chloride ion or bromide ion? Try to explain this. Bromine is a better nucleophile. The chloride ion is more polar since it is above bromine on the periodic table and is more prone to hydrogen bonding due to its smaller size. Chloride ions are worse than bromine ions for nucleophilic attack, because the chloride ions are fully solvated and are not as available to attack. This is why Bromine ion is better nucleophile because

The purpose of this report is determine if sodium chloride is a viable option as a deicer on winter roads. To determine this, one must compare a multitude of factors. In this lab, the freezing point depression of water, enthalpy of dissolution, cost, and environmental impact will be discussed. A large factor in how effective a substance is as a deicer is it’s ability to decrease the freezing point of water. If the freezing point of water can be lowered, the outside temperature must be much colder

RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS PREFORMULATION: S.NO API CHARACTERISATION RESULTS 1 Physical Appearance Mycophenolate mofetil white to off-white crystalline powder 2 Melting point 93-94ºC 3 solubility Freely soluble in acetone, soluble in methanol, and sparingly soluble in ethanol. Table 3: Characterization of API Calibration Curve of Mycophenolate mofetil: Calibration Curve of Mycophenolate mofetil in pH 7.4 PBS Solvent pH 7.4 phosphate buffer Saline (PBS) Wave length 253 nm Unit for concentration mcg/mL

Lab Report Title: – Osmosis Visking tube lab Research Question: Does increasing the level of sucrose increase the procedure of osmosis? Introduction: This experiment is called the osmosis visking tube. This experiment is to investigate the relationship between solute concentration and the movement of water through semipermeable membrane by the process of osmosis. The purpose of this The Visking tubing apparatus establishes the osmosis procedure. The Visking tubing is a semipermeable membrane

Before the water reach to the consumer 70% of the permeate water goes to potabilization or remineralization while 30% goes the demineralization. In potabilization plant four chemicals are added which are: Sodium hypochlorite It is added for final disinfection of treated water Sodium fluoride This chemical must be existed in the potable water because when it dissociate fluoride is produced as shown in the chemical reaction: NaF → 〖Na〗^++ F^- The fluoride used to protect the teeth in two ways:

1.1.2.2.2 The performed toxicity test principle: The preformed test in this experiment is a modified method of the limit test OECD TG 203, and is more adapted for marbled crayfishes. The principle of the test is to show that the LC50 is greater than 100 mg /l. In this test, the marbled crayfishes were exposed to the different test substances dissolved in water and observed for 120 hours. Ever 24 h the mortality, the growth, color and the movement of the crayfishes were recorded. When 1 crayfishes

Enthalpy of neutralization The purpose of this experiment is to determine the enthalpy change for the reaction between aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl). Introduction A neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction where a base and an acid react with each other. The products will always be water and a salt. The balanced reaction equation for this experiment is the reaction below (Enthalpy of neutralization, 2018). 〖NaOH〗_((aq))+〖HCl〗_((aq))→〖NaCl〗_((aq))+H_2 O_((l))

A total of 30 g of seaweed Sargassum sp. washed and dried. The dried seaweed soaked in a solution of 0.4% formalin for 6 hours and 1% HCl solution for 1 hour and then washed with distilled water to pH neutral. Furthermore, seaweed cut added a solution of Na2CO32% with a ratio of 1:30 (w/v). Subsequently extracted by Microwave at power level 70 for 16 minutes and then filtered. The filtrate obtained, was added 10% HCl (until pH 2-3). Then do the bleaching with NaOCl diluted with water 1: 1 to white

Knowing the Interrelationship Between the Consolidation of Sodium Chloride Mixtures and Their Densities Chemistry 1A Lab 5pm Th, Department of Chemistry, California State University Fresno Professor Nimavat Experiment Conducted: 1/25/18 Report Submitted: February 15th, 2018 Alex Luna* and Ellen Introduction: Density is defined as the ratio between mass and volume or mass per unit volume. It is a measure of how much stuff an object has in a unit volume. This report discusses an experiment to find

250 ml separatory funnel on a ring, making sure that the stopcock is closed and that a clean beaker is placed beneath the exit tube. Transfer the aqueous solution from the beaker to the separatory funnel. Do not transfer any un-dissolved sodium chloride in the beaker to the funnel. Extract the aqueous solution with dichloromethane in the following manner: a) Add 20 ml of solvent to the solution in the separatory funnel. b) Place the plastic stopper (NOT greased) in the neck of the funnel. Shake

Abstract. Electrochemical method has been developed to produce hydroxyapatite (HA) powders. Synthesis of hydroxyapatite particles was carried out from a homogeneous solution. The homogeneous solution was contained of Na2H2EDTA.2H2O, KH2PO4 and CaCl2 on 0.25/0.25/0.15 M. Water reduction at cathode to form OH- ion is very substantial in formation of hydroxyapatite. The OH- ions causes the release of Ca2+ ions and change the equilibrium phosphate for the formation reaction of HA. The problem of electrochemical

Experiment: Density of Liquids Analysis Questions Directions: Answer in complete sentences. In your lab notebook, histogram the class data for the densities of Liquid A and Liquid B. Differentiate the boxes for each liquid with different colors or shading, and indicate this with a Key. For your horizontal axis, please use an interval width of 0.02 g/cm³ and count by odd numbers (i.e., 0.67, 0.69, 0.71, etc.). Don’t forget to give your graph a title, and label both of your axes. Once you’ve created

Silica gel [James .C. Bolyan, 1994] Silica gel is a granular, vitreous, and porous form of the silicon dioxide which is synthetically obtained from the sodium silicate. Silica gel contains a non porous silica micro structure suspension inside a liquid. Most application gel should be dried. Fig: 30. Silica gel Structure Density : 700 kg/m3 Boiling point: 2.2300C Molar mass: 60.08 g/mol

test tube filled with 100 milliliters of copper chloride. During the experiment, I observed that the aluminum foil was breaking away, the aluminum foil that was breaking away was turning into red stuff. After a while, the once light blue copper chloride was turning into a dull gray, almost clear. As the experiment went on, and as the blue copper chloride was turning clear, the reaction of the aluminum foil was slowing. The lighter the copper chloride got, the slower the red stuff was being produced

Introduction During this experiment, the mass of copper was weighed in grams. It was measured with sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, zinc, hydrochloric acid, methanol, and acetone. The main instruments used in this experiment was a balance, beaker, stirring rod, evaporating dish, wire gauze, ring stand, graduated cylinder, copper wire, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, water, sodium hydroxide, zinc, sulfuric acid, and a hot plate. By finding the raw data, the percent recovered was able to be calculated

Objective The objective of the experiment was to measure and analyze the reaction rate of tert-butyl chloride with sodium hydroxide, and plot it in a graph in order to observe the rate. Procedure Part A- Measurement of the SN1 Reaction Rate of Tert-Butyl Chloride • 100 mL of a solution of propan-2-ol and water (1:1 ratio) were collected from a container provided by the instructor, and they were placed in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask, which was subsequently cork-stoppered. Afterwards, 150 mL of NaOH