Reaction rate Essays

Name: Brendan Date : 24th Nov How temperature affects the rate of reaction Research Question: Does increasing or decreasing the temperature of hydrochloric acid affect the rate of reaction with magnesium? Introduction: The four factors that affect the rate of reaction; surface area, catalysts, temperature and concentration. In this case, it would be the temperature (Rate of Reaction of Magnesium with Hydrochloric Acid).

Rate of Reaction Experiment Rate of reaction is a term used to measure the time or speed that the reaction occurs in. A rate of reaction can be effected by different factors, such as the concentration, temperature, whether or not a catalyst is involved, the state that the reactants were in at the time of the experiment and the amount of pressure that was involved in the experiment. If the concentration, temperature and the amount of pressure involved were higher than the rate of reaction would be higher. Those factors would affect the speed and the amount the atoms are moving at therefore effecting the amount that the particles collide and hence impacting the rate of reaction.

An Experiment into the Effect of Concentration on Rate of Reaction Introduction: A chemical reaction is when two or more substance called reactants are chemically bonded to form a new product, as a result of the process, for a reaction to take place, the particles must have enough kinetic energy to collide and form new bonds , this is called a successful collision. The minimum amount of energy needed for a successful collision is activation energy. The activation energy is able to loosen particles and enable them to form new bonds to produce new products. The more the molecules there are the bigger the chance of a successful collision, so the faster the reaction will be.

AIM: The experiment is to investigate the effect of the change in the concentration of Hydrogen peroxide and sodium thiosulphate on the rate of reaction between potassium iodide (KI), hydrogen peroxide, Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O4) under acidic condition. Introduction: The rate of reaction can be defined as the rate at which the reactants are consumed of the rate at which product is formed.

Chemistry Exploration Topic: determining the activation energy of a chemical reaction Research Question: What effect does temperature of the chemical reaction have on the activation energy ? ICT: Microsoft Word Autograph Microsoft Excel Introduction This experiment is designed to help in estimating the activation energy of the rate-limiting step in the acid catalyzed reaction of acetone with iodine. This is achieved by measuring the reaction rates at different reaction temperatures over the experiment.

Objective: I will be combining calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid as a case study to measure the rate of chemical reaction. This gives us the equation CaCO3 + 2HCl  H2O + CaCl2 + CO2 Background Information:

Transition Work Reaction Rates – Let’s Go Faster The rate of reaction can be calculated using the formula: rate of reaction= (amount of reactant used or amount of product formed)/time → The steeper the slope created the faster the reaction, a steep slope occurs when the amount of reactant used/amount of product formed is large and the time over which this occurs is small. Factors that affect rate of reaction There are 4 distinct factors that each affect the rate of reaction: → Temperature: increasing the temperature, increases the rate of reactions because: Particles collide more often Particles collide with more energy

Research Question: How does increasing the concentration (1%, 3%, 5%) of amylase from the pancreas affect the rate of the breakdown of starch solution, measured by the time taken for the starch to turn into simple sugars using a stopwatch (0.01s) Personal Engagement: The reason why I chose to do concentration was because I found it to be the most interesting out of all the options. I wanted to learn about how both enzyme and substrate concentrations affect the rate of reaction. Learning about enzyme concentration is not of any significance to me, and I chose it just out of curiosity. *Background Information: Enzymes act as catalysts to kickstart and speedup the rate of reaction without being used up.

Arrhenius equation is a mathematical expression which illustrates the effect of temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction and is used to calculate reaction-rate constants\cite{logan}. In the equation, we have $k$ as the reaction-rate constant, R as the thermodynamic gas constant, A as the pre-exponential factor, E$_a$ as the activation energy and finally $T$ as the absolute temperature. Generally, the equation is represented in exponential form: \begin{equation} k = A \exp[-E_a/RT] \end{equation} It clearly shows that a small increase in temperature would result in a remarkable increase in the magnitude of the reaction-rate constant. The numerical constant A and E$_a$ were derived by collision and transition-state theories of the reactions where E$_a$ represents the energy of activation, measured in kJ mol$^{-1}$. $"A"$ represents the frequency at which atoms react during the chemical reaction and is dimensionless.

Introduction: Enzymes are needed for survival in any living system and they control cellular reactions. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the energy needed for molecules to begin reacting with each other. They do this by forming an enzyme-substrate complex that reduces energy that is required for a specific reaction to occur. Enzymes determine their functions by their shape and structure. Enzymes are made of amino acids, it 's made of anywhere from a hundred to a million amino acids, each they are bonded to other chemical bonds.

Enzymes are globular proteins folded into a complex 3-dimensional shape that contain a special surface region called the active site where specific substrate can bind structurally and chemically. They act as catalysts, meaning that they are substances which lower the activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur and therefore increases the rate of the reaction. Activation Energy is the minimum energy barrier needed to be overcome before a reaction can occur by providing an alternative reaction pathway.

Research question What is the effect of temperature Amylase activity? Word count-1453 Background research Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up a chemical reactions. They do this by decreasing the activation energy(the energy needed to start the reaction) of a chemical reaction. The enzyme present in our saliva is called Amylase. Amylase increases the rate of reaction by decreasing the activation energy needed to hydrolyse the starch molecules.

Reaction Kinetics: The Iodine Clock Reaction Kinetics is the study of the rates of chemical reactions. A reaction rate describes the reaction’s speed, it is the rate at which the starting materials of a reaction (reactants) react and transform into the final produced materials (products). The greater the reaction rate, the less time required for reactants to be converted to products. Understanding the factors and conditions influencing reaction rates of is of fundamental importance in industrial chemistry where the production of chemicals must be efficient and economical to maximise profits.

Exploration Title: Effect of Temperature on rate of Osmosis Submitted By: Abdulkarim Kamal Date Submitted: October 19th 2015 Subject: Biology HL Teacher: Mr. Nick   Aim: This is an investigation to determine the relation between temperature of a solution (sucrose) and the rate of osmosis Scientific Context: Osmosis is defined a passive transport process in which a fluid diffuses across a semi-permeable membrane, from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration and vice-versa. There are various factors that could potentially influence the rate of osmosis; these factors include volume, concentration, and temperature. If all external factors that may interfere with rate of osmosis are controlled, the results will show equal amounts of fluid on both sides of the barrier (membrane); this is known as an “isotonic” state.

Rates of Reaction Lab Design What is the effect of surface area on rates of reaction, when magnesium is combined with hydrochloric acid to create hydrogen? Chemical reactions are when bonds between atoms form new molecules. They occur when two or more molecules interact with each other. Substances that react together are reactants, and the ones formed in the reaction are called the products.

Aim: Therefore the aim of this experiment is to investigate the effect of increasing temperature on the activity of the enzyme catalyst. Hypthesis: The froth volume increases as temperature goes up until an optimum point of around about 40C and after that point the enzyme is denatured and the graph starts to decline.

Introduction: Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rate of a reaction without being chemically changed. Enzymes are globular proteins that contain an active site. A specific substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme chemically and structurally (4). Enzymes also increase the rate of a reaction by decreasing the activation energy for that reaction which is the minimum energy required for the reaction to take place (3). Multiple factors affect the activity of an enzyme (1).

Enzymes are giant molecular biological catalyst. They are responsible for thousands of metabolic processes that systain life. Enzymes are highly selective greatly accelerating both the rate and specificity of of metabolic reactions from the digestion of food to the synthesis of DNA.. Most enzymes are proteins. They possesses a three-dimensional structure.

How does the amount of baking soda mixed with vinegar affect the volume of gas produced per 10 seconds? A reaction is when (usually) a solute acts on a solvent to create a reaction. An example of a reaction is an explosion, Here we will be using baking soda and vinegar which are our two components which will cause for a reaction to take place. Reactions can be affected by several things such as temperature, concentration and the presence or absence of a catalyst which is a substance which can increase the rate of reaction.

3.7 Homogeneous Catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol To investigate the redox catalytic activities of the synthesized AuNPs using the olibanum gum, we selected a well-known catalytic reaction the transformation of 4-NP to 4-AP by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a model reaction and the reaction was monitored using UV–visible spectroscopy. The absorption peak of 4-NP undergo red shift from 317 nm to 400 nm immediately after addition of NaBH4, corresponding change in the colour of the solution from yellow to intense yellow was observed due to the formation of 4-nitrophenolate ions under alkaline conditions. This peak at 400nm remained unaltered for many days in the absence of AuNPs. This indicates the inability of NaBH4 itself to reduce directly