Vibrio cholerae Essays

Cholera is a disease that can be acquired by drinking water or eating food that is contaminated with the Cholera bacteria. Cholera usually spreads when eating raw or undercooked shellfish. The cholera bacterium can be found in marine water attaching itself to chitin-containing sea creatures. The cholera bacteria infects the intestines and the spreads to the rest of the body after it is ingested. The infection can be mild or with no symptoms, but 5-10% of people infected will have severe cholera

and Function. Vibrio cholerae is a gram negative, non-spore forming, curved rod that is oxidase positive. It is very motile and has a single polar flagellum. Vibrio cholera is 1- 3 µm by 0.5-0.8 µm, is a facultative anaerobe bacteria. (Public

attacks the small intestine. In the small intestine, the bacteria cause an imbalance in minerals by secreting a toxin called CTX, which causes severe diarrhea. An infected individual can also spread the bacteria by contaminating water and food. Vibrio cholerae are present in high concentration in human stools. Therefore, impoverished areas and developing countries are at higher risk of being cholera endemic regions. There are many other secondary causes for the spread of this infection like eating

Purpose: As Vibrio cholerae is one of the major causes of death in the developing world, though it is very well understood, the authors undertook the work to see if a method already relatively common to the area could be effective in reducing cholera outbreaks. The authors objectives were to find a simple method that could be used without much training to reduce the incidence of cholera. Hypothesis: The authors’ hypothesis was that if a commonly used and simple water filtration system was used to

the answer to all of these questions is cholera. Now I’m gonna tell you about Cholera and answer any questions that you may have. What causes cholera? Cholera is a infection found in the intestines. This is an infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio Cholerae. You can get the bacterium by drinking contaminated water or by eating uncooked food, such as sushi or even raw vegetables. CTX is a potent toxin that causes the deadly symptoms. You shouldn’t worry too much though, because you need to ingest

of the intestines by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The infection that can cause excessive passing of watery stools (diarrhea), vomiting, and other symptoms, often leading . Cholera can lead to severe dehydration. Dehydration is when you lose more fluids from your body than you take in. This can be life-threatening. If you have cholera, it is very important to get treatment as soon as possible. CAUSES This condition is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. You can get infected by: • • Drinking

Doxycycline Erythromycin Aside from antibiotics, there are many antidiarrheal medicines out there that have been developed. V cholerae: Treat infected individuals and contacts. Doxycycline is the first-line antibiotic, and erythromycin is second-line antibioti By decreasing duration of diarrhea and stool volume D. Prevention There are several precautions and preventative measures to be taken to prevent the spread and decrease the risk of contracting Cholera. The primary and long-term preventative

4. The mechanism of action of cholera toxin The cholera toxin is an enterotoxin which is secreted by the gram-negative bacteria Vibrio cholerae. The toxin is an protein complex which is made up by six subunits, one A subunit and five B subunits. The A subunit is the enzymatic subunit and the B subunit is the binding subunit [9]. The cholera toxin is released from the bacteria and once in the intestinal lumen it adheres to the apical surface of the epithelial cell. The B subunit of the toxin binds

Introduction As we all know, bacteria is a very complex organism and the subject can be very broad. In this essay, the focus will be on bacteria and the bacterial cell structure. Different forms of bacteria, its pros and cons, the cell structure, diseases and resistance will be explained and listed. First bacteria and cell structure is explained, and then moving on to different bacterial forms and diseases, and how diseases can be prevented or even cured. Then finishing the essay will be the conclusion

and longer. In 1990, 183 million people had asthma and then in 2013, 242million people had asthma and 489000 deaths occur in 2013 because of asthma. Cholera:- It’s an infection of the small intestine. Cholera is a bacterial disease caused by a Vibrio cholerae. 3 to 5 million people every year affected by cholera. Both high temperature and heavy rainfall create favorable condition for bacterial growth. In high temperature, dry condition, river level decrease and bacteria accumulate in high concentration

The 19th century in Europe is marked as one of the most revolutionary periods in medical history. This is due to the fact that science and statistical analysis were integrated in proving the cause of urban plagues such as typhus, yellow fever, and cholera. Louis-René Villermé and other hygienists came onto the scene between the 1820-1840’s to investigate the epidemiology of 19th century diseases, and concluded that there was a significant correlation between disease and poverty; epidemics such as

In the wake of the 9/11 attacks in 2001, the fear of biological war has risen, due to their simple, inexpensive production, and difficult detection, people assume that they are the perfect weapons for wars and for terrorists. Therefore, I believe that governments should reflect on allowing scientists to generate bioengineered pandemics. Biological warfare agents first appeared around 300 B.C., when Greeks, Romans, and Persians used animal corpses to pollute the water wells of their enemies. Again

Several efforts have been made over recent years to maintain a safe and clean environment. However, environmental pollution is getting worst and poses a major threat to the Earth. Environmental pollution is “the contamination of the physical and biological components of the Earth to such an extent that normal environmental processes are adversely affected” (Kemp, 1998, p. 129). There are five known pollution which is in the form of air, water, land, noise and light (refer to Figure 1 in Appendix

Several efforts have been made over recent years to maintain a safe and clean environment. However, environmental pollution is getting worst and poses a major threat to the Earth. Environmental pollution is “the contamination of the physical and biological components of the Earth to such an extent that normal environmental processes are adversely affected” (Kemp, 1998, p. 129). There are five known pollution which is in the form of air, water, land, noise and light (refer to Figure 1 in Appendix

The melanin synthesis using homogentisic acid as a precursor of was first reported in Vibrio cholerae, Hyphomonas species and Shewanella colwelliana (Kotob et al., 1995). The synthesis of melanin and its characterization such as solubility, free radical nature was initially studied in Proteus mirabilis (Agodi et al.,1996). A novel marine bacterium

Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi; the diseases can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another. Infectious Diseases, including HIV/Helps, tuberculosis, malaria, polio, and many neglected tropical Diseases are often spread through personal get in touch with, water, and air, (numerous NTDs are usually vector borne – transmitted by mosquitoes, flies, etc.) and so are a particularly significant issue in developing

Jesse James one of the most notorious robbers of the 18th century. Jesse and his gang traveled all over the mid-west robbing trains, banks, and the people they came across. Something very interesting happened to Jesse at the end of his life. Have you ever heard of Jesse James? Jesse Wooden James born September 5th, 1843, in Clay County, Missouri. To Kentucky natives Zerelda and Robert James. Jesse was the third of the four children they had together. Jesse had an older brother Frank, another brother

Initially Tissier (1899) used bifidobacteria for treatment of diarrhea in infants by giving bifidobacteria orally. Since then much of the research has been carried out to reveal the mode of action of these bacteria in the intestine. He reviewed bifidobacteria by analyzing characteristics, ecology and role in human systems. He proposed that bifidobacteria are involved in the production of antimicrobial substances and also compete for nutrients with pathogens. In addition, they also contend for adhesion

Genetically modified Bacteria: Promise/Threat It is believed that over 3.5 billion years ago, bacteria-like organisms became the first inhabitants of the earth. Fossils from Greenland dating back to 3.86 billion years ago reveal what appears to be bacterial cells (Madigan 349). Bacteria are not only the oldest inhabitants of the earth, but also the most abundant and ubiquitous. They are found living in such unforgiving environments as Antartica and in geothermal vents deep in the ocean (Madigan 1

can help us find the origin of certain fecal bacteria. There are a large number of high health significant bacteria that can be detected with fecal coliform indicators such as Escherichia coli (E. Coli), Shigella flexneri, Salmonella enterica, Vibrio cholerae, and Yersinia entercolitica (Brettar and Hӧfle, 2008). Because E. Coli is one of the most prevalent fecal coliforms, we used five different water samples to test for the bacteria’s presence (Whitlock et al., 2002). E. Coli is one of the most ubiquitous