Capital Punishment:
Abolition and Implementation of Life Imprisonment without Parole as Alternative
Introduction As a means of punishment, we denounce the assault of those who have assaulted their compatriots. We condemn the torture of those who have tortured their fellow beings. We completely disavow the rape of those who have raped individuals weaker than them. Then, why is it that we condone the murder of those who have murdered? Capital punishment, also known as death penalty, is the court-ordered execution of a criminal offender who committed a capital crime such as murder. “The infliction of death for the purpose of retribution has been a facet of human existence since earliest times,” according to Henderson (2006, p. 5). It has even
…show more content…
What exactly does it mean to deter a crime? Deterrence refers to how individuals of a community may be dissuaded by the punishment strategies of a particular society for delinquent and harmful actions (Henderson, 2006, p.14). Most proponents of capital punishment cite deterrence as the main reason against eradicating the penalty. They might even mention econometrician research dating back to the 1970s, conducted by Isaac Ehrlich and one of his students, Stephen Layson, which somehow show that capital punishment has a conspicuously deterrent effect on crime rates. As mentioned by Bedau and Cassell (2004), the research pioneered by Ehrlich and continued by Layson has often been discredited and publicly criticized in print media (p. 38). Therefore, barring this invalid study, no research, to date, has managed to yield findings of the death penalty having more of a deterrent effect than life imprisonment. This fact has also been corroborated by Amnesty International in their report Death Sentences and Executions 2014, where they claim that, “there is no evidence that the death penalty has a greater deterrent effect on crime than terms of imprisonment” (Lancet, 2015, p. 1262). This is due to the fact that many variables out of our control may as well be responsible for the fluctuations in crime rates. However, as many abolitionists emphasize, deterrence is best achieved by the assurance of retribution rather than the harshness of the penalty (Henderson, 2006, p. 15). Fear incited by the capital punishment is reduced by the time lag between conviction and administration of punishment, in addition to the fact that most executions take place behind closed doors, as mentioned in Henderson (2006, p. 15). Furthermore, as per the views of Borg and Radelet (2000), those who commit crimes do
While many opponents argue the economics of the issue, they fail to acknowledge that the main goals of punishment are to correct behavior that is deviant from the law and to prevent similar incidences from occurring. Without capital punishment, the culprits would not have to confront the potential of death, meaning that the marginal cost of violent crime would be diminished. Therefore, capital punishment is an effective method to deter
Capital punishment is the legalized killing of criminal offenders based on the severity of the crime. We can trace capital punishment as far back to the eighteenth century. The King of Babylon, Hammaurdi wrote a set of codes for twenty-five crimes. If they were broken you could be killed. Killing during this time was more severe than it is now.
Currently, the death sentence is only applied to those who commit murder, however, in the past, it has also been used for rape and armed robbery. Arguing in favor it can seem justifiable to take the life of a person who unjustifiably took the life of someone else. And with murder being the only way to be sentenced to the death penalty it seems fitting. Along with that, it provides deterrence from committing murder for possibly many people. The deterrence that execution provides is a debated topic nested into another controversial topic.
Very few criminals really get deterred by the death penalty. A Bristol prison chaplain says that, “...out of 167 condemned criminals whom he had interviewed, only three had not witnessed an execution” (Weil 2013). The criminals sentenced to death row were not deterred by the death penalty, even though almost all of them have witnessed a hanging. Capital punishment is not an effective way to deter criminals, since the prospect of spending one’s entire life behind bars sounds even worse. The criminals who think they can get away with their crimes, also think that they will not be executed if convicted.
This fear is induced by the threat of legal punishment (Gibbs, 1979). There are two types of deterrence that include specific and general deterrence (Tibbetts, 2014). Deterrence works in the modern American criminal justice. For instance, Gibbs (1979) indicates that individuals are deterred by the knowledge of actual punishments that they will receive due to their crimes. Furthermore, Gibbs (2015) elaborates that some legislators were of the opinion that the reinstatement of the death penalty would reduce the rates of murder.
In the United States, there has been a lot of juveniles that have been subjected in jail with life without parole. In the United States there is a total amount of 200,000 juveniles that enter the adult criminal-justice system every year. Some family members of the juveniles that are in prison find that leaving them in jail for life with parole is a bad idea. In my opinion I think that the juveniles should have subjected to life without parole so they wouldn’t be in the streets causing more chaos or just serious problems in general. In Pennsylvania, there is a lower limit for the age someone can be charged as an adult with adult homicide.
Capital punishment, or the death penalty is the execution of an individuals life as a punishment for criminal conviction is currently criminalized in Canada, although should be decriminalized. The act of capital punishment officially became illegal in 1962 when Robert Turpin and Arthur Lucas were the last individuals to be executed in Canada.(Victims of Violence,2016) Since 1962 capital punishment has been a controversial topic with arguments about morals, justice and human rights. capital punishment serves as a deterrent for criminals, provides retribution and makes society safe. Punishment is necessary for extreme criminal cases including first degree murder and serious sexual offences such as rape.
The deterrence theory suggests that “the severity of criminal sanctions dissuades other potential offenders from committing crimes out of fear of punishment. ”4 That is applicable to the individuals that are punished and to people in the community. Nevertheless, prison’s effectiveness is often questioned as an effective deterrent to crime. Studies have shown that longer sentences have a small effect on whether offenders commit crimes or not, and the National Academy of Sciences determined that “insufficient evidence exists to justify predicating policy choices on the general assumption that harsher punishments yield measurable deterrent effects.
Death penalty is a type punishment sentence that is giving to a person who commits a serious crime, and is put to death. If somebody knew that their actions would lead to death, it could possibly make them rethink their crime. Writer Evelle, Younger wrote the article Capital Punishment: The people's mandate, which talks about people's point of views on capital punishment: “The death penalty will save lives, so I’d like to have it restored as soon as possible.” There will always be a few mistakes in a court ruling, and sometimes the innocent inmates do not get lucky, but taking chances to save other people in this country is a chance a lot of judges are willing to take. Today America has high power technology that prevents innocent people going to the death row let alone jail.
Annotated Bibliography Draft Student name : Haider Zafaryab Student number: 2360526 Thesis Statement : Capital Punishment is a very controversial topic around the globe. I believe that it does more harm than good and breeds violence in society. Source 1: Radelet, M. L., & Akers, R. L. (1996).
For instance, many believe that capital punishment deters violent crime. While it is difficult to produce sufficient evidence to support this claim, common sense, more or less, tells us that if people know they’ll die performing a certain act, they will NOT do it. Manuel Valasquez of the New York Times, claims that “If the threat of death has, in fact, stayed the hand of many a would be murderer, and we abolish the death penalty, we will sacrifice the lives of many innocent victims whose murders could have been deterred. But if, in fact, the death penalty does not deter, and we continue to impose it, we have only sacrificed the lives of convicted murderers.” To translate, if the death penalty is ridden of, the people who committed the crimes will continue to perform the crimes, but if the death penalty is still imposed, the lives of convicted murderers will be put to rest.
Determinate sentencing can deter crime since individuals are encouraged to weigh the consequences of their actions before carrying them out. If individuals were aware that a drug offence could carry a 10 year sentence if found guilty, it may persuade people who are deciding whether to commit this crime, to follow the law instead of break it (Determinate Sentencing Pros and Cons 2014). Thus, it can be inferred that the harsher the sentence, the more likely someone may decide to obey the law in avoiding the legal consequences of that criminal action (Determinate Sentencing Pros and Cons 2014). In their book Deterrence, Zimring and Hawkins explain that establishing lengthy imprisonment in sentencing laws warns the public that serious crimes will not be tolerated (Wicharaya 1995, p. 7). This reinforces and builds respect for law
What is the definition of the death penalty? Well the definition varies from person to person but the most known phrase associated with the “Death Penalty” is Capital Punishment. It is the act of legally executing someone for doing wrong in society; such as the act of rape or even murder. Throughout time the death penalty has made a drastic impact on the United States. But when and how did the death penalty rise into the issue it is today?
What this means is that by getting rid of the threat, which is the murderer, a crime could be stopped before it begins. However, this is not to say that just because somebody committed a crime, they should be sent to death row. Robert Blecker stated, "Vicious murderers, who prey on the helpless and vulnerable, once captured, become perfectly well behaved ‘inmates' they get transferred from maximum- to medium-security" in his article "The Death Penalty Needs to Be an Option for Punishment" in http://www.nytimes.com. When actual, dangerous criminals are sent to jail instead of capital punishment their personalities transform. They become better persons and slowly work their way into having fun or even back to the open
There is a worldwide trend in the use of penal imprisonment for serious offenses as capital punishment has been renounced by an increasing number of countries. Harsh punishments include capital punishment, life imprisonment and long-term incarceration. These forms of punishments are usually used against serious crimes that are seen as unethical, such as murder, assault and robbery. Many people believe that harsher punishments are more effective as they deter would-be criminals and ensure justice is served. Opposition towards harsh punishments have argued that harsher punishments does not necessarily increase effectiveness because they do not have a deterrent effect, do not decrease recidivism rates and do not provide rehabilitation.