Racial and Gender Wage Gap in Society
Sadish Thapa
University of Maryland
PSYC 100, Introduction to Psychology
Dr. Heather Ganginis Del Pino
December 9, 2022
Gender and Racial Wage Gap
Introduction
This research paper covers the topic of pay disparity among people of color and gender identities. This research covers the history of pay disparity, the pay inequity that exists today, and the different reasons why this pay inequity has existed. With the emergence of progressive movements, the issue of wage inequality must be addressed, since it exists across gender identities and people of color. The history of the wage gap is essential to this research as it sets the foundation and discusses the origins of pay inequity. The foundation is vital
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For example, the NBA and WNBA wage gap has been a topic for several years. Researcher Magdalena Bacova studied the average salaries of men and women basketball players using an OLS regression model that factored in parameters such as age, the number of years played, and statistics. Bacova concluded that the main reason why WNBA players earn less is due to the collective bargaining agreements between the 2 leagues (Bacova, 2022). NBA athletes can earn up to 35% of their league's salary cap, whereas the highest-paid WNBA players can only make 16.5% of their salary cap. (Bacova, 2022). Because the NBA is more profitable than the WNBA, which generates yearly revenues of around $60 million against $7.92 billion, the percentages are different (Miller, 2022). The WNBA has failed to overcome the salary gap between athletes in the same sport. Another reason why the wage gap is prevalent today is that there is implicit racial bias in the hiring process. A study by Sebawit Bishu and Mohamad Alkadry systematically reviewed the gender pay gap and its factors. Their investigation concluded that there were three main themes to the wage gap, the disparity in access to workplace authority, access to hiring and promotion, and gender representation (Bishu, Alkadry, 2016). An additional theme that is a factor in the wage gap discrepancy is the racial bias that exists. Research by the National Bureau of Economic Research sent 80,000 …show more content…
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The main purpose of the article, “Equal Pay Day: When, where and why women earn less than men” by Dana Ford, is to inform the audience about the pay gap between genders that still exists in the United States today. To emphasize on the subject of gender pay gap, Ford shows the reader how race, age, and even the state the woman lives in could affect how big or small the pay gap is. While the speaker, Dana Ford, may use a negative tone toward the issue, this newdesk editor is also aware of the progress in equality in the past 50 years. Ford states that “The good news is that the gender pay gap is getting smaller. In 1964, women on average were paid 59% of what men were paid.
Research shows wage gaps are solely a product of the choices of the second party. Woman have chosen what level of education they wish to pursue, the fields they wish to be in, and where they work. When looking back at a censuses of the early-to-mid 1900’s the majority of working women worked at small enterprises rather than booming companies: large Firms pay at higher rates, their payout going predominantly to males of the working class (Rubenstien, Michael Harvey). When taken under the scope, large enterprises rejected woman workers, and if they did hire, the lady’s income would be significantly smaller. Consequently, companies would deny the reason being that they were of a different sex, and rather blame it on how little education the skill the person had, “Frequently, even when given raises, their new pay still comes short of that of their male coworkers.
Blacks and Hispanics in the Workplace: The Racial Pay Gap In this paper, we plan to focus specifically on the presence of Latino/Hispanic and Black minority groups in the workforce, and the differential treatment they have received in the past or are presently receiving. Minorities, such as Hispanics and Black have played important roles in the nation's workforce throughout history. Despite their contributions, they have almost always received differential treatment. Throughout this paper, we seek to explore the treatment of these minorities, past and present, identify some of the causes of this unequal treatment and also help define their roles in the workforce.
The women's rights movements to reduce the pay gap, when it comes to sports, should be less targeted at those paying women's salaries, and the focus should be shifted towards bringing more money to the WNBA. These same patterns are seen in most professions, where it takes extensive practice and dedication to master. When
Though there are more women in the work force now more than ever, they are still being paid less than men for doing the same job. Three explanations for the wage gap between men and women are discrimination, human capital and organizations of jobs. A group theorists who believe the wage gap is a result of discrimination are called bias theorists. Aulette and Wittner state that bias theorists believe that “decisions about who will be hired, promoted, fired and what an employee will be paid are made in ways discriminate against women” (189). Some discriminatory practices are openly represented while some are more subtle.
"Racial, Gender Wage Gaps Persist in U.S. despite Some" N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2016 This quote shows that even though women are still being paid less as a whole it is the women with different ethnicities that have it the worst. Another quote similar to the one above also points out facts and statistics to prove that women of color are treated even worse than white women, “By 2013,
Did they win their fight, or are they fighting for no reason? Equal pay was always a struggle for women. When men and women in the same workplace got paid different amounts for the same amount of work it angered women. “The persistence of gender-based wage disparities — commonly referred to as the pay or wage gap — has been the subject of extensive debate and commentary.
The year the Equal Pay Act was passed into law (1963) the wage gap between a man and women working full time was 41 cents with women making 59 cents for every dollar a man earned. Since then, the income disparity has decreased by almost 50 percent. In 2014, the wage gap was 21 cents with women making 79 cents for every dollar a man earned (The Wage Gap Over Time). This 20 cent decrease in the wage gap since 1963 shows how significant of a difference the Equal Pay Act and its enforcement through Corning Glass Works v Brennan, along with other court cases, have been. The current 21 cent wage gap today shows that the issue of unequal pay based on sex still exists, and that more needs to be done to close this gap.
Shining some much-needed sunlight on the gender wage gap will make a difference for every one of us, men and women, right now.” (www.nytimes.com, 16). “It’s the twenty-first century, and the gender wage gap affects the daily life of women throughout the country, at every economic level, from cashier to CEO. Is it fair? No.
Hypothesis: Gender disparity in the workplace could be interpreted as differences in wages between men and women based on their qualifications to get the same
The gender pay gap is a significant issue in the United States because it promotes institutional and internal sexism and the unfair treatment of human beings. An infamous statistic about the wage gap has been the 77 cent statistic, stating that for every dollar a man earns, a woman earns 77 cents. The statistic is calculated by, “...dividing the median earnings of full-time, year-round, working women by the median earnings of full-time, year-round, working men, all rounded to the nearest $100” (Glynn 2). This, however, represents males and females from all occupations, causing opponents to argue that, because it does not represent the gap between people who have the same job, a wage gap does not exist. Nonetheless, multiple studies have proven that a gender pay gap does exist within the United States.
It may be 2018, but the gender pay gap is still here, why is that? Women have been and still are getting a lower pay than men to do the same job. Women are doing equal if not more work, but somehow make less. The following paragraphs will explain what is happening today like the fact that over time men 's pay increases more than women 's does. Besides that I will also mention that not just white women make less than men other cultures make even less than them, and I also will share real people speaking up about them being paid less than men.
But now that I understand the term I realized that I too, assumed that all women in America were concern with the pay wage gap between men and women. In most careers, women make much less money than men do for doing the same exact job. I thought all women prioritized this awful pay wage gap until I realized that I prioritize this unequal pay gap because I am a Caucasian female but, for instance, an African American woman may prioritize the injustices she may face while trying to get employed over the unequal pay gap. In the article, Study: anti-black hiring discrimination is as prevalent today as it was in 1989, German Lopez stated that, “The researchers found that anti-black racism in hiring is unchanged since at least 1989… The bottom line is whether you get a job in America can come down to your race” (Gomez, 2017).
Annotated Bibliography Quast, L. (2015, November 22). The Gender Pay Gap Issue Is Fixable -- But May Require Bolder Actions To Overcome. Retrieved from Forbes.com: http://www.forbes.com/sites/lisaquast/2015/11/22/the-gender-pay-gap-issue-is-fixable-but-may-require-bolder-actions-to-overcome/2/ It is reported by the Economic Policy Institute that although women had made tremendous records entering into workforce and gain great successes in education, but their wage is 83% comparing to men. The world forum also released a report in 2015 that women now make as much as men earned a decade ago.
The United States is currently facing an economical problem that involves males and female differences within the workplace. Males are given bigger and sometimes even better rewards for doing equal amounts of work as their female counterparts. Females are frequently not receiving the same wage even if they can complete the same job of a male. Also, females are less likely to get promoted within their job if they are competing against a male. A source states, “Women are now more likely to have college degrees than men, yet they still face a pay gap in every single education level,