In the film Extreme Measures someone can find ideas of Secular Ethics throughout the film involving Utilitarianism and its basic tenets along with Kantian analysis. The basic tenets of Utilitarianism include the principle of utility, Hedonism, and the viewpoint of a disinterested and benevolent spectator. While the tenets of Kantian Ethics, which include good will, the formula of universal law, the formula of the end itself, and the categorical imperative. These basic ideas setup arguments for and against the Utilitarian ideas set up by doctor Myrick. In the film doctor Myrick makes the claim that it is worth the deaths of unwilling subjects in order to help/save the lives of millions. However, doctor Luthan makes the claim that is is immoral …show more content…
Doctor Myrick uses the principle of utility to defend his immoral actions during the film. The principle of utility is when a person makes a choice that is best for the most amount of people involved in the situation. He uses this tenet when talking to doctor Luthan about the ethical ideas involved in his experiment, because it will save millions despite killing the test subjects that are held beyond their will. In the movie we see signs of hedonism through doctor Myricks actions. His hedonistic views are seen as he tries to find pleasure in the horrible disease of paralysis. Doctor Myrick attempts to find pleasure in the heart breaking injury of paralysis through the slight chance he as found of curing it. Because of his chance of curing paralysis, Myrick illegally uses test subjects against their will to test his cell growing process in which eventually kills his subjects because it is not a properly thought out protocol following procedure. Doctor Myrick goes against utilitarianism in this situation because he does not follow the third tenet of Utilitarianism, which is the viewpoint of “a disinterested and benevolent spectator”. He does this when he makes the decision for the test subjects instead of testing the procedure for the goodwill of all the people involved in the situation. In order to make the proper …show more content…
In the film the doctor Luther uses good will because he knows that doctor Myrick does not have the qualification, the legal rights, or the moral right to go through with his procedures, he shows this by choosing to obey moral law for the sake of morality itself. By choosing to not help doctor Myrick, doctor Luther show great good will in his ability to overcome the temptations of curing paralysis and follows the viewpoints of “a disinterested and benevolent spectator”. Doctor Myrick does not use categorical imperative in the film because he did not allow his test subjects to pass the test first. Categorical imperative occurs by testing a proposed action in order to make a decision about whether or not to do that proposed action. Because he did not run the test doctor Luther stops him from using the test subjects because of his great use of good will and his moral values. Doctor Luther demonstrates his ability to follow the formula of universal law, because his ability to stop doctor Myrick from completing an immoral action he stops him because his proposed action would be deemed immoral in the eyes of God. By stopping doctor Myrick, doctor luther
Jeremy Bentham, the 18th century founder of modern utilitarianism, reveals the inner flaws of humanity’s need to justify their actions with the end result, noting that man does not seek to answer ethical questions such as “Can they reason?, nor Can they talk?, but rather Can they suffer?” (Encyclopedia Britannica). Although society ultimately benefits from the development of HeLa, the immoral practices that were the foundation for such advancement cannot be simply overshadowed by the reward that came from it. If such an assertion was considered valid, then the actions of the Nazi physicians that committed such unspeakable crimes could also be justified by their goals of racial purity and societal security. Any of the research collected for the promotion of the HeLa cells was capable of being administered without the violation of human dignity and informed consent.
Another example is the case on Dr.Kevorkian about Euthanasia. On the other hand, others may say
I feel like Mrs. Bergmeier definitely took a utilitarian approach to her problem, as she pushed aside the moral thing to do, in order to generate the
The first ethical theory is Utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is based on actions that show right from wrong. In the story the Utilitarianism, is choosing which would benefit the most to the most people. This theory would conclude that it was the best choice to take Henrietta Lack’s cells and distribute them all over like they did in the story. The utilitarianism would benefit much more on the decision that the doctor made then a negative decision, which is based on consequences.
As a development in Deontological Pluralism, the Belmont Report offers a series of moral duties to consider in medical research and procedure. The Belmont Report considers Respect for Persons, Beneficence, and Justice to be the morals to uphold in medical research. These three moral obligations determine the morality of decisions and allow a deliberation on actions. In the scenario of Troy and Kim, I will consider each moral obligation in terms of applicability and importance in order to determine the most moral action for the couple. As a member of the medical ethics committee deciding whether it is morally permissible to refuse to remove Kim’s birth control implant, I argue it is not morally permissible primarily on the grounds of Respect
The oath requires that doctors do no harm to their patients. However, when debating the issue of physician-assisted suicide, one must consider what doing harm actually means. It is here that a profound ethical quandary is present, because many people believe that causing a patient’s death is doing
The oath of Hippocrates binds the physician to a promise “to do no harm.” However, the oath poses a dilemma for the physician to either participate in or decline PAS. A physician’s perception of the dilemma indicates his belief in PAS. For example, Kitty Rayl of Oregon, with terminal uterine cancer, turned to Dr. Nancy Crumpacker for help in dying. Under Oregon Law, Dr. Crumpacker could assist Kitty’s death with a lethal medication.
His reason for doing so is mainly focused on presenting examples or cases where doing and allowing are judged by the morality factor of the circumstance, not solely the fact that the patient was killed or allowed to die. (Thomson,
At some point of your life you meet very special people that carry very similar interests. This creates bonds that can be a very powerful and important part of your life. Some may say that bonds are created between a series of negative events that leads up to friendship. However, this is not true because in The Way, the main characters come together to walk the same path. Each character motivates each other to achieve the overall reason of why they wanted to walk The Camino De Santiago.
To deal with these dilemmas, utilitarianism and duty ethics theories should be taken into account. For a utilitarian decision maker, who will attempt to maximize the sum of utility for all concerned (Kvalnes, 2015), the third person should pull the switch or push the fat man to reduce the killings from five persons to one person; that is, keeping the number of people died to a minimum. In contrast, in duty ethics perspectives, there are moral considerations more important than
Assisted suicide is a rather controversial issue in contemporary society. When a terminally ill patient formally requests to be euthanized by a board certified physician, an ethical dilemma arises. Can someone ethically end the life of another human being, even if the patient will die in less than six months? Unlike traditional suicide, euthanasia included multiple individuals including the patient, doctor, and witnesses, where each party involved has a set of legal responsibilities. In order to understand this quandary and eventually reach a conclusion, each party involved must have their responsibilities analyzed and the underlying guidelines of moral ethics must be investigated.
Bernard Williams’ essay, A Critique of Utilitarianism, launches a rather scathing criticism of J. J. C. Smart’s, An Outline of a System of Utilitarian ethics. Even though Williams claims his essay is not a direct response to Smart’s paper, the manner in which he constantly refers to Smart’s work indicates that Smart’s version of Utilitarianism, referred to as act-Utilitarianism, is the main focus of Williams’ critique. Smart illustrates the distinction between act-Utilitarianism and rule-Utilitarianism early on in his work. He says that act-Utilitarianism is the idea that the rightness of an action depends on the total goodness of an action’s consequences.
Utilitarianisms would answer the question in the affirmative and change the track so only one person has to suffer. However, we have to question if the Utilitarianism is applicable to such ethical questions (Smart & Williams, 1973). This essay will outline several strength and weaknesses of the Utilitarianism devised by Jeremy Bentham. Firstly, the Utilitarianism will be outlined, secondly some strength and weaknesses are explained by employing examples, and thirdly several solution approaches for dilemmas Bentham’s Utilitarianism is facing will be sketched.
And finally, some people believes that common sense is wrong. They have three responses to go against the anti-utilitarian arguments; all values have a utilitarian basis, our gut reactions can’t be trusted sometimes, and that we should focus all the
The case of Sam was a decent criticism towards the tenet and act Utilitarianism. It is improperly wrong to murder a man, despite the fact that he is separated from everyone else in this world, however the outcomes of this demonstration would be grievous. In the event that all the rich individuals tries to build up this demonstration in their life, then there won't be a solitary person left on this planet. Since the announcement of Utilitarian unmistakably demonstrates that an immense measure of individuals gets joy and joy by watching their friends and family. Yet, in actuality, what is the cost at which they are watching their friends and family?