Gene Luen Yang offers a humanistic perspective on western imperialism in China during the late nineteenth century to early twentieth century in his graphic novel Boxers, a tragic narrative about Chinese grassroots resistance against foreign occupation in which an armed revolution ultimately fails. The novel focuses on religious identity, and cultural connections in the face of invasion. Boxers highlights the negative effects of imperialism through clashes between different religions, ideologies and power structures. Therefore, the criticism of western imperialism presented in Boxers could support a world systems theory approach to international relations because it shows to exploitation through westernization and the squandering of cultural …show more content…
The goals of the western powers were not strictly economic, but also prescribing to their ideas of Christian exceptionalism. As stated by Thomas David Dubois, “during the late eighteenth and especially nineteenth centuries, Catholic and Protestant missions from throughout Europe and North America brought their faith and civilization to every corner of the globe. This reach was facilitated by the penetration of imperial military power, leading to the frequently evoked image of the missionary arriving with the Bible in one hand and a gun in the other” (Dubois 127). This was the situation in China which eventually incites the Boxer rebellion and showdown at Peking. Yang simplifies the imperial conflicts in China through the symbolic events in Bao’s life which lead him to fight. His encounters with priests, and foreign soldiers embody the nation’s ongoing strife with westerners gaining control of their country through religious indoctrination and forceful control. The society’s ability to channel the gods through ritual embodies their own religious conviction which further empowered them to protect their culture against those who wished to displace it with
During the worldwide silver production that occurred during the 1500s to 1750s, it has caused much conflict due to selfishness and bias acts between countries. From the abuse of putting countries in debt and making the people resort to land sharks, to having priests do their best efforts in convincing officials to end the suffering of people working hard only to receive little in return. The Chinese suffered in debt due to the greediness of the Spanish. The rich were always focused on materialistic things and were selfish, while the poor who were taken advantage of were much more humble, wise, and focused on virtue rather than riches (Doc. 1).
Xiong uses battles, executions, assassinations, and scandals to appeal to readers of any genre. Once a reader gets into the book they are hooked in the epic events of the book and the deep look into the ruling class. Unfortunately, Xiong’s novel might somewhat difficult to get into for many readers with no experience in Chinese history. Xiong also attempts to utilize dialogue that often comes off as underdeveloped or simplistic.
America wanted the Qing to accept western norms of political and economic exchange and to acknowledge the superiority of Christian civilization. Many Chinese came to resent the spread of Christian missionaries and their influence. Christian peasants resented the numerous Christian
Almost everyone today is familiar with the dark chapter of history from 1939 to 1945, when Hitler’s army rolled across Europe, claiming the lives of millions of people, including six million Jews. However, very few people are aware of what happened to millions of people in China from 1937 to 1945. Iris Chang’s The Rape of Nanking is a landmark work because it finally reveals the least remembered and perhaps the most gruesome horrors of the Second World War: the atrocities committed by the Japanese Imperial Army on innocent Chinese civilians. Chang’s book is also important in searching for the reasons behind the Japanese barbarity.
Nathan then goes on about how the “Lord [will] grant that the worthy among [them] shall rise above the wickedness into the wondrous light of [the] Holy Father,” (33). Aside from informing the Congolese that he will indirectly come to power in the name of the Lord from day one, Nathan moves to discredit the village’s beliefs in idols and multiple gods. He starts off by declaring that Tata Ndu’s “business concerns the governing of human relations, not the matters of the spirit,” since Tata Ndu does not have any concern with the Holy Father (160). Likewise, their “[h]ymns to their pagan gods and false idols” make Nathan determined to overpower the villagers’ lives in a religious sense since they have yet to experience the blessings a White man’s God can bring to those who are not civilized. This single-train of thought about the Congolese needing Nathan to acquire Christianity and civilization revolves around the
Introduction The Tang dynasty is regarded as the Gold Age of Chinese history, and it is also considered as a cosmopolitan empire, which was open to various cultures and intertwined with different religions and people. However, some scholars argue that the cosmopolitan Tang empire had gone after the rebellion of An Lushan (755-763). Instead, the Tang intellectuals had growing xenophobia and were cautious with foreigners and foreign culture. However, is it a myth or reality?
1. How did Wu Zhao manage to rise to such a high position in an empire that favored Confucian Values? Wu Zhao was an extraordinary woman of many talents. However, Wu Zhao’s intelligence and charisma were not enough to help her attain the throne. As the book states “Only with the assistance of Propagandists, rehoriticians, ideologies and strong-arms of different persuasions.
“Her actions remind me that, even under unbearable circumstances, one can still believe in justice,” in David Henry Hwang’s foreword, in Ji-Li Jiang’s memoir Red Scarf Girl, commemorated even during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution anyone can overcome adversity (9). Ji-Li Jiang was a young teenager at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, and living through a very political time in China’s history made Ji-Li into the person she is today. Ji-Li’s intelligence, her choices, and family devotion made her into the headstrong and successful person she is today. Even when Ji-li thought she was unintelligent, others saw she was wise. There were many moments when Ji-Li was reminded she was very smart.
For many years religion has been used as a tool to influence those around us. Whether it be to gain power of a society or to influence the peers living in the society, religion has been proven has a very effective way to gain control of an empire. As the peninsula of Spain has seen many different kingdoms take control, one cannot ignore the fact that religion has been used as an instrument to scare, govern, and manipulate those in those communities. First, we will see how the Carthaginians created their empire from the ideology and practice of Polytheism. Next, we see how Constantine successfully implemented the Christian religion to get a stronger control of the peninsula.
The novel’s fictional version of China is sometimes an unfairly bleak portrayal of the country, and its most shocking scenes cohere with false Orientalist narratives of Western imperialism and Asian inferiority. However, for an American author, Buck writes with unique authority; few Westerners in her era could match her breadth of knowledge about China, and even fewer could match her dedication to the advancement of cultural empathy with China. Despite the inescapable influences of dominant Orientalist narratives, Buck was able to craft a socially truthful, yet relatable text for Western audiences. Looking back at the outsize impact of The Good Earth, it becomes clear that it defies conventional definitions of Orientalism. Rather than assigning the ‘Orientalist’ label as a veiled accusation of racism and ignorance, scholars should instead recognize that—with the appropriate author intentionality and real-world impact—certain Orientalist works could be culturally acceptable, if not valuable
In the article, “The Thucydides Trap: Are the U.S. and China Headed for War?” the author, Graham Allison, contends that the two current, dominating world powers will collide in an epic war in the coming years. He acknowledges the ancient author, Thucydides, and his warning of the “dangers when a rising power rivals a ruling power” (Allison 1). Allison then applies this idea to the current relationship between the United States, a nation that has dominated the world for the last seventy years, and China, an incredibly recent dominating force that threatens the United States’s place in the world. He gives the evidence that in the last five centuries there has been sixteen documented occurrences of the Thucydides trap, and of those, roughly eighty percent of the occurrences have resulted in war.
Journey to the West was written by Wu Cheng’en, a novelist in Ming Dynasty, originated from Great Tang Records on the Western Regions, folk legends and Yuan Zaju operas. As the first full-length romantic god-evil novel in ancient China, this novel portrays the social reality at that time in depth, and is the beginning of magic realism. In the original version of Wu Cheng’en, the main characters are Sun Wukong, Tang Seng, the pig and the sand monk. This novel tells a story that Tang Priest and his three disciples travel westward for Buddhist Scriptures. After eighty adventurous experiences, Tang Sanzang finally reach the west and got the real scripture.
Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo are both known for being the world’s greatest long distance travelers, however, because of their different backgrounds it had influenced the way in which each traveler wrote about their experiences in China. This contrast is dominantly believed to have been influenced by their different religious backgrounds, and how each had viewed the world. This was ultimately is influenced by ones cultural and religious background. In this essay I will examine the different experiences that both Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo had experienced during their visits in China. Ibn Battuta, a well-educated Islamic scholar born and raised by a wealthy family in Tangier, Morocco, he had begun his journey at the age of 21.
The Mapuche people’s spiritual beliefs is closely linked to their natural environment. Their religion is guided by the Machi. The Machi are spiritual leaders that are typically women, the also can be men. Their job is to communicate will the celestial family to maintain the harmony and to combat the powers of evil. With the sacred Kultrun, a drum, the Machi’s use their supernatural powers during their religious ceremonies to chase away evil and to ask for wellbeing.
The distemper and tension of the two sides reveals how sensitive one must act when dealing with religious