Olivia Gutierrez
Dr. Veteri
HIS110
21 October 2015
City Upon a Hill During the 17th century, a group of Protestants settled in the New England Colony of Massachusetts Bay searching for religious freedom. These settlers were called the Puritans. They broke away from the Church of England because they believe it became too Catholic and that it needed to be purified. The Massachusetts Bay colony was to serve as a model society. John Winthrop, the first governor of the Puritans, wanted to create “a city upon a hill”. The Puritans had many aspirations including building a church state, a colony of educated settlers, and promoting their religion. Some of the aspirations were achieved while others were unfulfilled. The Puritans were extremist
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They believed children needed to be educated in order to read and fully understand the bible. Once the populations of settlers had grown they passed the Old Deluder Act. This Act states, “Every town of fifty or more households was to appoint one teacher from whom all children could receive instruction, and every town of one hundred house- holds or more was to maintain a grammar school with a teacher capable of preparing students for university-level learning”(Boyer,48). This act was the first step towards a public education system as well as helped established the colleges of Harvard and Yale. Young girls went to school to learn about house duties and how to be a wife while young boys went to school for grammar and writing. The New England colonies were known to have the highest literacy rate. Bridenbaugh stated that, “It is probable that a majority of townsmen could read and write; at any rate they respected those who did, and where they were able to raise the funds at all were quite willing to devote them to a school”(Bridenbaugh, 36). An educated society was an orderly society. While not everyone received an education, most farmers and townsmen received the necessary education to help them fulfill create social
In Salem, Massachusetts, the lives of many residents were at the mercy of a few young girls. The town was ruled by religion which opened many opportunities for residents to fear anything that they believed as against them, their religion, or just simply immoral. The people who lived there called themselves Puritans. The Puritans were a group of English Protestants who believed that they must purify the church of England from its catholic practices. In Salem, the residents were ruled by religious leaders who oversaw the town’s court.
In the 17th c., the Massachusetts Bay Company centered around the trade between England and the Massachusetts Bay Indians. Upon the realization that the original company charter issued by the king did not explicitly bind the company’s meeting to England, the Massachusetts Bay Company founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony during the Great Puritan Migration. The Massachusetts Bay Colony consisted of a large group of Puritans-- those who sought to “purify” the Church of England of the remnants of the Roman Catholic papacy whose name was grievously tainted in the late middle ages. The Puritans were fervently loyal to their ministers who were under religious persecution by the Church of England. Therefore the Puritans followed their ministers to
The Massachusetts Bay Experiment, despite the fact that it began as a business endeavor, was profoundly grounded on religion. As John Winthrop said, they needed to make a "city upon a slope," or an ideal world where God's support could be accomplished. To accomplish this Promised Land, the Puritans dedicated themselves to their congregation life and God. Investing hours at administration consistently, the Puritans were a nearly weave group because of the force of the congregation. At whatever point any issue in the group developed, the Puritans looked to the congregation to give them an answer.
he term "city on a hill" was initially invoked by English-born Puritan leader John Winthrop. The concept became central to the United States' conception of itself as an exceptional and exemplary nation. In 1630, aboard the Arbella before the ship's departure for the New World, Winthrop recited a sermon to his fellow travelers. Drawing upon Matthew 5:14–15, Winthrop articulated his vision of the prospective Puritan colony in New England as "a city upon a hill": an example to England and the world of a truly godly society. According to historian Perry Miller, Winthrop believed that this religious utopia would be acclaimed and imitated across the Old World, precipitating the Puritans' glorious return to England.
Massachusetts Colony was created as a place of refuge where Puritans could escape from the dominance of the English faith. The Puritans felt dominated by the Anglican church and felt as if their rights and freedoms had been taken away, so the Puritans created this new safe haven as a way to create an open environment for people of all religions to live while enjoying their freedom to practice as they chose This is exactly what Massachusetts was supposed to be; it was meant to represent religious freedom and tolerance. Although this is not quite the way that it truly played out. The Puritan church spoke of itself as open and inviting, when in reality members of this group were only accepting of other Puritans.
In the late 1600’s, many European settlers arrived in North America in hopes of escaping the hardships they faced back home. America initially promised colonists the wealth, religious freedom, and escape from oppression they desired. New England was home to dense forests, and hills which was not optimal for crop growth. Therefore, the colonists directed their attention towards trade and commerce. The people in this region were devoutly religious and believed in the education of children.
The Puritan’s goal of coming to the New World was not to create a new life, but to create the ideal model of living for the “corrupt” inhabitants of England. This was coined “The Errand”, the Puritans desire to establish a City Upon a Hill that others could look up to and imitate in order to receive God’s grace. The Puritans failed at building their City Upon a Hill (creating a perfect religious, economic, and political community), however the long-term effects of their efforts have influenced American moral politics throughout its history. The Puritans forever had the attitude of a community that had successfully established a City Upon a Hill. The Puritan lifestyle was heavily influenced not only by religion, but also inside of that, morality.
In the Southern colonies, children usually started their education at home. (It was not super important to them). The distances between farms and plantations made town schools very hard to get to. Plantation owners regularly hired tutors or house maids to teach boys’ math, classical languages, science, geography, history, etiquette, and plantation management. When the boys had the opportunity to have an education outside of the home the schools were quite strict and often had much punishment for doing the wrong.
Although all the colonists all came from England, the community development, purpose, and societal make-up caused a distinct difference between two distinct societies in New England and the Chesapeake region. The distinctions were obvious, whether it be the volume of religious drive, the need or lack of community, families versus single settlers, the decision on minimal wage, whether or not articles of agreements were drawn for and titles as well as other social matters were drawn, as well as where loyalties lay in leaders. New England was, overall, more religious than the Chesapeake region. Settlers in New England were searching relief for religious persecution in Europe. Puritans, Quakers, and Catholics were coming in droves to America searching for an opportunity to have religious freedom.
However this was not the most important thing, the most important thing was their education. Their education can be seen in a way as part of their culture. New Englanders were people who were highly educated and view their education as a way of living and also as a necessity. For the founders of the colony of New England established little settlements that offered education for the kids and also for the adults. Also as the people settled in the colony they brought in with them books and also brought other literal devices that helped them gain more education.
The New England colonies were first founded in the last 16th to 17th century as a sanctuary for differing religious groups. New England was made up of the Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire. New Hampshire, however, was formed for economic reasons instead of religious ones. The Chesapeake region, which is made up of the colonies of Maryland and Virginia, was founded by the British colonies for the purpose of farming. However, by the 1700’s, despite both being settled by Englishmen, New England and the Chesapeake region had developed differently.
It was called The Common School Period because education transformed from a completely private, costly thing to a luxury that was available to the common masses. With public education, social class separation was not as extreme as it had been in the past, but still continued to occur in some areas. The people in the lower classes originally gained minimal instruction, such as learning how to read and write, calculate, and receive religious instruction, while the upper classes were more entitled to pursuing a higher education in secondary schools and even continue their schooling at the university level. Though some social class separation still lingered, education was made mostly to fit common standards. In 1837, Horace Mann, one of the great education reformers, created grade levels, common standards to reach those said grade levels, and mandatory attendance.
The Crucible vs Modern Day Witch-hunts A decade after the Pilgrims settled at Plymouth in New England, a larger and better-financed group migrated to Massachusetts Bay. This group was called the Puritans and they were the “non separating congregationalists” which means that they accepted the ideas of the Church of England. In 1630, The Puritans set sail and created a small colony in Massachusetts as a haven after they fled England because of religious persecution.
Puritans are Europeans who escaped religious persecution from the Church of England. The Puritans age likely varies from children to adults. However, it’s apparent that Winthrop is appealing more towards Puritan males to create their ideal utopia. Winthrop evokes God to entice the colonist to fruitfully colonize the land. He uses nationalism, religion, and imagery to entice the colonist into creating a bountiful colony.
Students were taught Greek and Latin, as well as English and grammar. Other schools, known as Grammar schools, were founded around the colony; however, these public schools were not the ones we know today. “Public” did not mean that all were welcome to attend, as only boys were eligble to study at grammar schools, and it did not mean that the community was responsible for funding the on its own. While a 1642 law required everyone to learn to read and write in English, girls and boys not intending to enter the ministry were educated at