Representation Stuart Hall defines representation as the means by which a culture uses language and sign to create meaning that is shared between members of the society. An example Hall provides is the Cross. For Christians, it is a reminder of Christ’s “suffering and death.” Meanings are different from one society to another, as it is assigned according to cultural practices; meanings came change. For that reason, meanings must be translated between cultures. Representation provides meaning for the seen and unseen, objects and concepts. The word Camelot in American politics characterizes the Kennedy administration, not the home of the mythical King Authur. Meaning is made complete by using language. Representation is complex; Hall uses theories distinct to explain it. …show more content…
The Reflective Theory states that the words used reflects meaning; the meaning lies in a tangible object, person or event; it already exists. The Intentional Theory means that the meaning is personal, produced by an individual. The question can be asked, can meaning exist for one person? If as Hall stated, society assigns meaning, the answer is no. Hall writes that the Constructionist Theory entails building meaning through concepts and signs. Constructionists believe that language and signs transmit meaning. According to Hall, the Constructionist Theory has had the most impact on cultural studies. In chapter four, Hall explains how “the other” culture or cultures have been
Today’s society is comprised of culturally defined symbols that have been designated a meaning which create the basis of social life. Symbols vary in different social settings because of different cultures, age, gender, languages, and especially time period. These symbols that carry certain meanings guide all our actions and interactions that provide a social reality. Although these meanings attached to symbols are socially derived, they are individually interpreted by the constituents of society. With this, comes the abstract identity of symbols which allows for symbols to be assigned with power.
In these “I Believe” essays, the authors implement quite a variety of rhetorical strategies. The three authors use personal stories, evidence of their claims, and personal secrets to appeal to their audience. “Culture, Practice, and Transformation”, and “The Power of Mysteries” employ a variety of rhetorical strategies and these strategies are used for a variety of reasons. “Culture, Practice, and Transformation”, by Carmen Febo-San Miguel, is about her belief that culture is a necessity. The author believes her culture is a piece of her that she should have pride for, not get ridiculed because of.
Personification is often identified intermittently throughout. “...Who could be more qualified to unfold a paradise…(Martin 20)” “Everyone sprinkled his speech…(Martin
The power of language was an important theme in this book because Russ Rymer conveys how language is a powerful tool to have and to be able to use. Language allows us to express ourselves, our feelings, our opinions, and our stories. In Genie: A Scientific Tragedy, Susan Curtiss discusses the significance of language and its special power. She says "‘It allows us to cognize, to think, and that's important to me, because I'm that type of person. It also allows us to share ourselves with others—our ideas and thoughts.
Symbolism is the mere thought that a person or inanimate object can represent a larger idea or emotion. For example, if on is given the image of a bear; such things come to mind like bravery, courage, and ruggedness. Some may even think about either the state of California or the U.S.S.R in World War II. This is one of the few aspects in literature, that allows it to be interpreted in many different ways. In similar ways, authors use this tool as an indirect way of communication to the reader.
(pg. 88, Conerly, Holmes, & Tamang) I think I most connect to the symbolic interactionist way of thinking. I think culture is seen through human interaction and how we as humans see and speak to other people in our
Symbolism is the practice of representing things by symbols, or of investing things with a symbolic meaning or character. In Speak, Laurie Halse Anderson uses literary devices to help the reader better understand Melinda’s personal changes and growth. Trees, lips, and coldness are all symbolically used to represent the changes of Melinda. Throughout the novel, trees play a big part in symbolizing Melinda. Melinda is constantly drawing and relating to trees in the book.
Henry Nash Smith and the ‘Myth and Symbol School’ After Turner’s ‘introduction’ , the West became one of the foundational elements for the earliest scholars of American Studies. Proposing similar questions as Turner, the so-called ‘Myth and Symbol School’ worked on the assumption that American culture could be studied as a “common language” (Chapman) comprised of myths and symbols that represented the American imagination. The myths and symbols were defined by Smith as “larger or small units of the same kind of thing, namely an intellectual confusion that fuses concept an emotion into an image” (Virgin Land xi) and it was through these a culture could express its values, ideas, and identity. Scholars of the MS School thus argued that myths
Authors use symbolism as part of their creative processes in the writing of fictional stories. “The Red Convertible” is a short story by Louise Erdrich, who uses a broad range of symbols to make her story charismatic and captivating. As we read the story of the two brothers, we learn about their relationship from adolescence to adulthood. The brothers are Henry Junior and Lyman who live on an American Indian reservation in North Dakota. Lyman is the narrator of the story and acts as the protagonist.
The paper itself is divided into three parts Contrasting Cultures,Contrasting Languages, and Mission
It’s fascinating to do a contrastive analysis of material and nonmaterial culture, together with exploring sociological factors that unknowingly shape my life. As it kind of offers an insight into the world around me, and opens my eyes to those unnoticed patterns which exist in my society. Hence, let’s discuss these areas in depth next. First and foremost, the big difference between material and nonmaterial culture is: whether tangible or invisible. The former refers to man-made things that people not only give a meaning to them, but also assign a function or value, whereas the latter encompasses abstract ideas and implicit forms of social interaction.
In our notes, it is stated that the high-context culture rely heavily on non-verbal cues to maintain social harmony. This includes many Asian and the Middle Eastern cultures. On the other hand, low-context culture uses language primarily to express thoughts, feelings and idea as directly and logically as possible. Such examples are the American and the European cultures.
“Culture makes people understand each other better. And if they understand each other better in their soul, it is easier to overcome the economic and political barriers. But first they have to understand that their neighbour is, in the end, just like them, with the same problems, the same questions.” Paulo Coelho's words give a sense of what culture can do for everyone in a community. It can benefit not only a small community but,the nation in general,because culture is so strong and intense.
2.1 Representation and identity A Cultural theorist, also a leading figure of the development of media and cultural studies, Stuart Hall’s cultural representation theory is very representative and has a significant impact in the field of cultural studies. His book “Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices” published in 1997 is a study of the crucial links between language, culture and how shared meanings are constructed and represented within the language. Hall believes culture plays the primary role in how we construct meaning and representation was closely related to culture. Representation is the process by which meaning is produced and exchanged between members of a culture through the use of language, such as
The work of two sociologists namely Bernstein and Bourdieu, influenced the work of sociologists in education and linguistics. Bernstein used the term “code theory”. This theory was used to describe how the macro-level (social, political, and economic structures and institutions) is related to the way in which people understand systems of meanings, also known as “codes”. Bourdieu used the term “cultural capital” which will further be discussed. Just like Bernstein, Bourdieu attempted to empirically test a theory of society, culture, and education.