The concept of citizenship and belonging is much different in today’s society than it was in 1865 to 1910. The black codes of 1865 were laws of the south basically keeping blacks from full freedom. They did everything possible to keep blacks working for little to nothing. The blacks they are trying to keep down at this point were named the freedmen. The disfranchisement began with Mississippi in 1890, where they took blacks voting rights under something called the Mississippi Plan. The big three; poverty, shame, and board of registrars, gave was loop holes they made you go through in order to vote in MS. Later South Carolina, Louisiana, North Carolina, Alabama, and Virginia joined the bandwagon. Outside of the other states Louisiana named theirs “grandfather clause” which was much different other than the fact of voting was based off your …show more content…
The south raging about segregation and “separate but equal” slogan used to make the segregated group feel as if there is no wrong doing, or no violations of their civil rights. All of the controversy started over the railroad cars that existed before segregation was brought to the forefront. Meanwhile, in New Orleans there was a case pushing for a challenge, known as Plessy v. Ferguson. Homer Plessy, an African American man, refused to move from a white only car to a colored car. In all disappointment the case was rule eight to one in Supreme Court. The citizens committee found this as a test on the constitutionality of the separate car laws. The reasoning for this was stated that each state could have individual laws for the specific state. These laws were not limited to just the cars, but to schools, hotels, and even restaurants. Only one man had open opinions about the verdict, his name was Justice John Marshall Harlan. He informed others that the constitution was being violated and risked the possibility of legalizing race discrimination although the constitution saw no color. These were later called “Jim Crow”