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18th Century Enlightenment, Music, And Hunter's Surgery

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The 18th century Enlightenment is the first time ever in history that people have been encouraged to question authority. This way of questioning the status quo is what lead to great strides in our understanding of science, culture, philosophy, music, and many more things that we take for granted today. The common theme between all of our readings (Including Locke’s philosophy, Beethoven’s music, and Hunter’s surgery) is that they had never been done before; revolutionary in their school of thought. At the same time, there were others like them who were also making revolutionary discoveries about their interests. No longer was there the idea of blind worship of God of the Middle Ages, but the beginning of worship of God along with logic and reason. Not only that, but for the first time, people believed that there could be happiness and purpose in this …show more content…

At the core of the enlightenment, there exists two contradictory values: freedom and order. These values are so important to the base of the Enlightenment, but at the same time so different. While Kant talks about Freedom through internal order, Locke talks about inalienable rights that we all have. In some ways, these two ideas can go hand in hand, but at the same time, they can contrast each other. While analyzing the feuds of Schama and Stone, and Harold and Roberts, we get an idea of each individual’s take of how the Enlightenment affected our modern world. Emmanuel Kant considered himself a citizen of the world before he considered himself a citizen of Konigsberg, Prussia. His main belief was that we must unite internationally as a human race. Although this is true, he was opposite of Napoleon in the idea that we must be united under a

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Introduction: After the prolonged and disparaging Thirty Years War, philosophers took up a new notion of life and how, what and why things are the way they are in the world. Many also took into effect believing in scientific reasoning’s over biblical outlooks, looking for logical answers to all the many mysteries of the world and the afterlife. Enlightenment philosophers also constructed ways in which they thought people should act. For example, philosopher Voltaire explained his reasons for how “people should be citizens of the world” (Voltaire, “Patrie, in the philosophers dictionary”, 1752). THESIS:

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The Enlightenment period gave way to many great thinkers, known in this era as philosophes, who fought to improve society through reason and their influential statuses. The main idea of Enlightenment thinkers, such as John Locke, Voltaire, and Mary Wollstonecraft, was to change perspectives on topics of interest, that were previously discredited, in society. John Locke, who wrote the Second Treatise on Civil Government of 1690, founded the ethical idea that all men were entitled to their natural rights. Natural rights, from John Locke’s point of view, could be defined as fundamental principles possessed by each man that is set forth by nature itself. The idea of all men being equal in “what state all men are naturally in, and that is, a state of perfect freedom to order their actions, and dispose [manage] of their possessions and persons, as they think fit, within the bounds of nature…

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During the seventeenth century many ideas emerged that changed the way people saw the world. The Enlightenment is consider one of the breaking points in human history, the knowledge from that time influenced directly in how the events of the eighteenth, nineteenth, and consequent centuries develop till today, important ideologies like Republic emerged during this time. The introduction of the “reason” was one of the most important concepts of this movement. The “reason” proposed the arriving of a judgment through the analysis of evidence that is why the first ideas of the enlightenment were scientific ones, like Sir Isaac Newton. But this changed by the eighteenth were the philosophical ideas focused more to the human existence.

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While influenced by others the human race is individually minded, and has been able to obtain much knowledge at a substantial rate because of enlightenment. Throughout history man was able to shape the face of the earth by controlling others, but until the age of enlightenment man was not fully aware of the accomplishments he could achieve. In this period the ideals of society having a voice, changed history through bringing light to the genius and talent of not one but the vast majority of the world. To challenge one’s self-worth enlightenment must be achieved through leaving a cowardly stage to become mature. Presently, the enlightenment ideals have given many people around the globe a chance at a free life through natural rights and tolerance,

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In the 17th and 18th century the Enlightenment was a period of intellectual movement encompassing reason, individualism, and skepticism. The Scientific Revolution, which came from the enlightenment, resulted in new scientific findings, particularly in astronomy, which changed long-held beliefs about how space affects the natural world. These new revelations led people to doubt the established political and social hierarchies. The Enlightenment challenged traditional notions of hierarchy, including the king's 'divine right' to govern, the nobility's privileges, and the influence of religion on politics. Additionally, it served as an inspiration for the values of choice, equality, and independence as well as the fundamentals of human reason

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John Locke, and enlightenment

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John Locke once said, "The end of law is, not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge freedom."1 Throughout history, the fight for human rights has been an on going battle that has been reviewed and adjusted as time progresses. Before the Enlightenment, people believed the government was not protecting humans and their rights. In Europe during the 17th and 18th century, Enlightenment thinkers stepped out of boundaries and challenged the established order. The American Revolution and French Revolution were inspired by ideals of John Locke and other Enlightenment thinkers.

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During the reformation across Europe, there was many forward thinkers who were able to make sense of the ‘pressing problems’ of their day and age. One philosopher in particular, John Locke, was able to press on, and make sense of the problems that he faced in England during his time. However, the philosophers Locke, More, and Hobbes, contributed to society through the various arguments that they brought about. The arguments placed by Locke, Hobbes, and More in society acted as a building block for people in society to either follow, or disregard.

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Many different beliefs are being addressed, but all with one common goal in mind, the people’s right to freedom. The Enlightenment period is more than a change of times, it a new beginning that is declared by the rights of the people and each individual is within their own natural rights. If the government is corrupting their rights, the people have the power to replace them with a government that will not make the same mistake. With the scholars, philosophers and other enlightenment thinkers in 1776, The Declaration of Independence is

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And somewhere in the realm of 400 years ago, two prominent opposing “parties” were Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. Hobbes’ ideas were more strict, as he was less of a ‘for-the-people’ kind of guy, while Locke believed in many natural rights for man; and in the end, the colonists being affected by these two men’s political battles, went for the man who seemed like someone who actually wanted people to like him - John Locke. Thomas Hobbes has been called many things, from a lunatic to a genius, but despite what some people might say, the man had his political thoughts in order. As the founding father of political philosophies, his number one concern in his work was how human beings could live simultaneously together peacefully, all the while avoiding the

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Before commenting on Locke and Rousseau’s policies, one must examine their basis for property, inequality, and

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Although both were key contributors of the Age of Enlightenment and lived in the 17th century, there are very conspicuous similarities in their concepts and works. Undeniably, both believed in the social contract theory, as well as being contrasting the divine right. However, this paper nonetheless, will delve into the differences that exist between their opinions. However, the differences will be exclusively based on their works: the Two Treatises of Government by John Locke and Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan.

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Society began to dispute civil rights and liberty-democracy from the seventeenth. John Locke, an English political philosopher whose working had produced a revolutionary influence to Enlightenment and even established a foundation for modern liberalism. The common understanding of Locke that included his criticism of the authoritarian government and the idea of liberal-democracy, which inspired many thinkers and philosophers on the world. Two Treatises of Government, Locke’s most influential work, which contributed to constitutionalism and provided the original concept of civil government. In this essay, it will describe the Locke’s definition of liberty that included a description of ‘property’, the Lockean social contract with state of natural,

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513 Words | 3 Pages

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was one of the most influential thinkers during the Enlightenment in eighteenth century Europe. His first major philosophical work, A Discourse on the Sciences and Arts, was the winning response to an essay contest conducted by the Academy of Dijon in 1750. In this work, Rousseau argues that the progression of the sciences and arts has caused the corruption of virtue and morality. This discourse won Rousseau fame and recognition, and it laid much of the philosophical groundwork for a second, longer work, The Discourse on the Origin of Inequality. The second discourse did not win the Academy’s prize, but like the first, it was widely read and further solidified Rousseau’s place as a significant intellectual figure.

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“God, who has given the world to men in common, has also given them reason to make use of it to the best advantage of life and convenience” (Locke, 35). The Scientific Revolution concentrated on understanding the physical world through astronomical and mathematical calculations, or testable knowledge. The Enlightenment focused more on “Spreading of faith in reason and in universal rights and laws” (Worlds Together, Worlds Apart, 535). While the Scientific Revolution preceded the Enlightenment, both time periods sought to limit and challenge the power of the Church, through the spread of science, reason and intellect, and political philosophies. The Scientific Revolution began with Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1542) and Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) wanting to understand the movement of the planets beyond what they authorities had told them.

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