ipl-logo

1964 Civil Rights Peer Review

1168 Words5 Pages

The two civil rights peer reviewed articles that will be the basis for my paper are: “The 1964 Civil Rights Act: The Crucial Role of Social Movements in the Enactment and Implementation of Anti-Discrimination Law,” by Gerald Rosenberg and "Going off the Deep End: The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Desegregation of Little Rock's Public Swimming Pools,” by John A. Kirk. The peer review articles are about the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The articles will be analyzed for the concepts it’s trying to convey, and it will be compared and contrast. First off, “The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is the most important and potentially powerful anti-discrimination law ever enacted by the U.S. Congress” (Rosenberg). It ended segregation in public places and …show more content…

The act was mostly the result of the 1954 Brown Decision. “In Brown, the Court held that race-based segregation of elementary and secondary public schools violated the Fourteenth Amendment. The conventional story is that the principle announced in Brown, that ‘separate but equal’ was inherently unequal, quickly spread from schools to all walks of life, leading Congress to act.” Rosenberg said that this conventional story is both wrong and misleading because it misses the underlying structure of the battle against discrimination. The conventional story is off base on two key points First, it under-appreciates the role of the civil rights movement in the creation of the 1964 Act. Second, it gives insufficient attention to the role of social movements in its implementation. The conventional story is misleading because it suggests implementation is possible without political …show more content…

Both articles provided a lot of evidence prior to explaining each situation that the Civil Rights of 1964 had. The two talked about what led to the congressional action and the passage of the Act and both said that the answer is the civil rights movement and the political pressure it created. The articles were both written in a professional matter and had similar facts and events. The articles included important or well-known figures such as President Kennedy, President Johnson, and leaders from the NAACP. Also the two civil rights activists: Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. Last similarity is that both of these articles talked about what kind of impact they had in today’s

Show More
Related
1314 Words | 6 Pages

On February 18, 1965, the crowd gathered in the Cambridge Union Hall rose to their feet as the room was filled with great acclamation. The date aforementioned marks the debate held at a prominent university in England between William F. Buckley and James Baldwin. The mid-twentieth century is recognized to be a time of great social change, and it is widely recounted as the Civil Rights Movement. During this era, minorities, namely African Americans, came together to rise against the injustices prevalent throughout the world to make real change. This fight was not an easy one as society proposed a multitude of laws and acts that belittled African Americans by encouraging racial segregation and discrimination through widely enforced Jim Crow

Read More
1087 Words | 5 Pages

Civil rights has been an American focus since the American Civil War (1861-1865) was fought between the United States and the Confederate States, over the abolition of slavery and continues to be one of the most important movements. Although the Reconstruction Amendments banned slavery, gave former slaves citizenship, equal protection of laws and all men the right to vote, “Jim Crow Laws”, at the state level, enforced racial segregation in the southern states and continued into the mid 1900’s. In the late 1940’s to 1960’s the Civil Rights Movement reemerged. There have been many men, women and Presidents that greatly contributed to the civil rights movement, from Presidents Abraham Lincoln and the 13th Amendment, to Lyndon Johnson’s passing

Read More
1843 Words | 8 Pages

Jack Tupler Western Civilization 4/2/2024 This paper will go over two sources from the World War I time period. The First is Good-bye To All That, an autobiography written by Robert Graves about his experience and life during the Great War. The second source is The Great War: The First Phase written by Frank H. Simmonds is a historical textbook that analyzes the early stages of the war. I will go in depth on specific parts from each book to give a more narrow view of each source.

Read More
1022 Words | 5 Pages

The Civil Rights Act 1964 was the most arduous task in the civil right movement; it ‘gave the federal government the power to desegregate public accommodations, fight against workplace discrimination, speed up public school desegregation, mediate racial disputes, and restrict several other discriminatory practices’ (K. Germany, 2014). Similar bills had failed for 12 years previously, and after Kennedy’s death, the movement was at risk of being buried with him. However, Johnson saved and culminated it. Five days after the death of Kennedy he stated: “We have talked long enough in this country about equal rights... It is time now to write the next chapter, and to write it in the books of law.”

Read More
1029 Words | 5 Pages

In Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that the racial segregation of public schools was unconstitutional, overruling the principle of separate but equal facilities that were established in Plessy v. Ferguson. The efforts of the civil rights movement also led to the eventual passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as discussed in Document 5. The Civil Rights Act was largely successful in the United States as it allowed equal access for African Americans to public facilities and prohibited the discrimination of African Americans and other minority groups. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was later passed which prohibited the racial discrimination in voting and picked up on the failed enforcement of the 15th Amendment. This shows how the persistent efforts of activists throughout the country allowed for the continued advancement of African American civil rights in the nation even though earlier reform efforts did not fully succeed.

Read More
1500 Words | 6 Pages

On May 17, 1954, the Supreme Court of the United States handed down a decision that would irrevocably change the nature of race relations in America (Brown v. Board of Education). This landmark Supreme Court case was Brown V. Board of Education. This decision that held that segregation in public schools violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment was long over due, to put it mildly (Brown v Board of Education). In order to prove that without the Brown decision the Civil Rights movement would not have been as effective, I will illustrate the pre-Brown court case social and political conditions of African Americans that cemented the need for change, I will explore the legal documents and transcripts of the case, and I will

Read More
844 Words | 4 Pages

In the early 1950s, the United States Supreme Court took on a land mark case known today as Brown v. Board of Education. In this case, the highest court of the United States debated upon the pressing issues of segregation inside of the public education system. More specifically, they revisited a previous case, Plessy v. Fergusson from the late 1800s, where the Supreme Court ruled that facilities specifically designated for African Americans could remain legally segregated, so long as they were equal to the public facilities designated for white Americans, hence the phrase “separate, but equal. ”1 In Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court ultimately ruled that the decision in Plessy v. Fergusson violated the equal protection act of the

Read More
826 Words | 4 Pages

This act, inspired by the earlier ruling of Brown v. Board of Education, altered the structure of the American culture. This act loosened the chains that bounded the African Americans to the ghettos. This act, according to ocument 5, entitled all citizens to “full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, and accommodations of any place of public accommodation… without discrimination” (Document 5). This act also ruled that those who engage “in a pattern of practice of resistance to the full enjoyment of any rights secured by this title” are to be given “an application for a permanent of temporary injunction” or a “restraining order” (Document 5). The passage of this act marked the start of a monuental shift in American society.

Read More
487 Words | 2 Pages

On May 17th, 1954, the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) decided that segregation in public schools violated the 14th amendment. Therefore Brown v. Board of Education was the earliest major event to occur in the Civil Rights Movement. As a consequence, the Supreme Court’s historic decision boosted the morale of civil rights activists across the country (especially in the South) and motivated them to do more about racial inequality in America.

Read More
583 Words | 3 Pages

During the 1960s, African American Civil Rights were a majorly debated topic. There were many instances of violence against African Americans, the policy of separate but equal, and also the lack of African Americans who were registered and allowed to vote. This sparked a need for change throughout the community and a need for freedom and equality. This topic has inspired many people to advocate against violence towards African Americans, segregation, and allowing African Americans to vote. One of the changes that occurred towards the support of the African American Civil Rights Movement was the advocacy of violence against African Americans.

Read More
833 Words | 4 Pages

In this paper, I will focus on the Civil Rights Act of 1964. I will provide the history, the important people involved in the establishment of the Civil Rights Act, the events that led to the act, and the reactions from the people, mostly Southerners, after the act was established. In the year of 1963, Blacks were experiencing high racial injustice and widespread violence was inflicted upon them. The outcry of the harsh treatments inflicted upon them caused Kennedy to propose the Civil Rights Act.

Read More
661 Words | 3 Pages

This decision set the stage for many significant legislative reforms such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 which aimed to dismantle institutionalized racism. This case sparked a new national conversation about greater awareness and understanding of the inequalities faced by African Americans.

Read More
1538 Words | 7 Pages

Under the Civil Rights Act, discrimination toward race and religion was forbidden from places like parks, theaters, and restaurants. An author and political analyst Ofari-Hutchinson said, “I know all African- Americans, no matter what age, what their religion or political convictions, or social standing, education or profession, all uniformly took pride at that moment,” when asked what the Civil Rights Act of 1964 meant to her. Although the Supreme Court had ruled in 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education case that segregation in schools were unconstitutional, though the efforts were not taken very seriously at public schools and universities, the Civil Rights Act had a profound effect on schools. The Act required schools to actual steps to ending segregation, whether it was by redistricting or busing children to different school, they were required to do something now. Martin Luther King Jr said, “it was nothing less than a second emancipation.”

Read More
528 Words | 3 Pages

The act was aimed on banning discrimination based on gender, race, religion or national origin. Although the Civil Rights Act faced the longest filibuster in the United States senate history following a bloody civil rights struggle, it was passed into law in 1964 after the assassination of John F. Kennedy. This article will review some of the surprising facts on

Read More
472 Words | 2 Pages

Compare and Contrast Between the 2 articles on similar themes, there are 4 reasons. (1) Gandhi and Thoreau both would not agree in certain things like laws. (2) Gandhi and Thoreau discussed civil disobedience. (3) Gandhi and Thoreau were influenced in writing their expressions, and how both wrote their expressions against the government and laws. Gandhi and Thoreau have different perspectives of the laws, and what people should follow.

Read More

More about 1964 Civil Rights Peer Review

Related Topics

Open Document