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Theory on white collar crimes
Why is corporate crime seen differently
White collar crime and the criminal justice system
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White-collar crimes like what happened to Shirley Lee are prevalent today. Many view white-collar crime as less threatening than typical blue-collar crime (i.e. robberies). Both crimes however, affect society in a negative way. White-collar crimes cause more direct financial harm than blue-collar crimes. Blue-collar criminals cause more physical harm and for that reason are often perused and punished more rigorously.
economy and investor confidence” (FBI,2016). In short, Corporate fraud are crimes that a corporation does. This usually results in large sums of money being repaid back investors or people who had brought the case against them and will result in millions of dollars in settlements. Examples are corporations that are involved in “Deceptive financial practices, Cheating depositors, Overcharging customers, Failure to report safety defects, Ocean dumping and more” Phi Manttera, 2015).
The Broken Windows Theory is effective at preventing crime by cracking down on urban disorder. Broken Windows policing has reduced the number of shootings, murders and other violent crimes in New York City. Through the implementation of Broken Windows policing in New York City, businesses were able to grow because they no longer had to fear having their money or goods stolen by delinquents. Broken Windows policing in New York City encouraged the growth of tourism; by cleaning up the streets and removing criminals, outsiders felt safe visiting. This reinvigoration on New York City also helped cause the influx of new residents because people were able to take the subway and walk down the streets without fear of being mugged or assaulted.
A white collar crime is committed to make profits, they are not the acts of madmen or irrational people. They are rational acts that often require planning and careful
in your answer. Criminologists have long recognized the prevalence of crime in work environments. According to Sutherland a white-collar crime is any crime committed by persons of high respectability and social statues in the course of their occupations. His idea of high respectability of these offenders is important because those members of the upper classes could commit crimes, a notion that was often missing in existing theories of crime of that time. The term white collar crime has a wide variety of meanings.
The 1920s were a period of significant social and economic change in United States history. One important consequence of the decade was the rise of organized crime and political corruption, which created a culture of violence and lawlessness that threatened the stability of the United States. This paper will examine the effects of illegal entrepreneurship, particularly the liquor trade, in two cities—Stockholm and New Orleans—during the Prohibition era. It will also analyze the impact of organized crime on Chicago in the days leading up to the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre and the corruption that was rampant in the city before and during Prohibition.
Crime and Corruption Wave in the 1920s Despite the 1920s being known as one of the greatest eras of all time due to its luxurious lifestyles and inordinate parties that seemed to start when the sun disappeared and didn't end until the sun once more appeared again, nevertheless, the 1920s was also a time where corruption in government, gang violence and crimes against U.S. law an insurmountable rise that had its disastrous consequences. At the time, President Warren G. Harding was a president that was adored by many, but shortly after his unexpected death, scandals such as the Harding Administration Scandal and the Teapot Scandal came to light and ruined the reputation of this once adored president. Another form of corruption seen at the time
In this case “white collar crime”. Therefore, before committing the crime the offender weighs the pros and cons associated with the crime. The offender who decides to commit “white collar crime” goes about it in the everyday activities in their job. The offender on a daily basis will observe a certain type of “white collar crime” taking place in his workplace and during the daily or routine interaction with his colleague who is carrying on the crime, will learn how to commit the same type of “white collar crime”
When Prohibition occurred in the 1920s and 1930s, organized crime groups were living in a time where they had a rise in revenue and power (Mallory, 2012). Since there was a decrease in the amount of alcohol available for consumption by the public, the demand increased and led to an increase in price on alcohol as well (Mallory, 2012). This gave organized crime groups, such as the Mafia, the opportunity to make large sums of money from “bootlegging” (Mallory, 2012, p. 113). In order to keep their money safe during Prohibition, groups would corrupt and take control over the government and law enforcement (Mallory, 2012). As a result of the business that organized crime groups created during this era, the groups operated more effectively, gained
Critics of corporate crime reform often argue that these are not victims, they ignore the fact that often times these people did not ask nor understand what was happening to them. One notable example of this is the conundrum of the 2008 Great Recession: The market went bad and now homeowner A owes 500,000 on a house now valued at 100,00 dollars. The easy option is to say, “too bad and so sad,” however is, that, right? The opposing view is that this individual new they couldn’t afford the loan and thus it is their own fault that they are in this situation. However, this doesn’t account for the fact that much like when you go to a Doctor, a Lawyer or any professional in a specific field you naturally rely on that individual to give you the best advice available.
White-collar crime is more serious than street crime because the punishment is more severe, crime is easier to detect or track, and it is more harmful. Street crime is robbery, selling drugs, and stealing cars; White-collar is identity theft, forgery, and embezzlement. Anyone can become the victims of street criminals. Most of the time these crimes happen because people are under the influence of alcohol or drugs. People see street crime more than white-collar crime because it happens in public and makes the news.
White collar crime is an organized crime committed by person of higher socioeconomic status in the course of their business, occupation, or profession (Sutherland, 2002). It was introduced to the Criminal Justice system in 1939, but was overlooked by many people because they never noticed it was happening. White collar crime has been taking place in America for a long time and is summed up as lying, cheating and stealing. There are numerous types of white collar crimes such as bribery, bank fraud, embezzlement, and insurance fraud to name a few (National Check Fraud Center, 2011). One case that we all know of, Enron, not only wiped out lifesavings, but cost investors billions of dollars.
According to the FBI, organized crime is defined as any group having some manner of a formalized structure and whose primary objective is to obtain money through illegal activities. (Federal Bureau of Investigations, n.d.). Their position are obtained through corruption, extortion, laundering, violence (actual or threat) and graft. The groups behind these illegal activities can include local officials, politicians, mafia or cartels and syndicates (Russian, Italian, African etc.). Regardless the group there is a common theme amongst them, they are structured, well organized and have some type of influence throughout the local community, region or even nationally.
White collar crime is a very serious form of crime, that affects many people on different levels, many unknowingly. White collar crime results in more financial loss than street crime. White collar crime is estimated to account for 483 billion for all corporate crimes, 77 billion in health care fraud, and 15 billion in employee theft (Barkan, 2015, p.275). This amounts in 575 billion dollars annually. This is a much greater financial loss than those who experience street crime.
White-collar crime is a financially motivated nonviolent crime committed by business and government professionals. The term “white-collar crime” was first used by criminologist Edwin Sutherland in 1939 for the various nonviolent crimes usually committed in commercial areas for financial gain. White-collar crimes are classified as fraud, bribery, Ponzi schemes, insider trading, labor racketeering, embezzlement, cybercrime, copyright infringement, money laundering, identity theft, and forgery. Even though these crimes are committed without the use of weapons or threats of physical violence, it does not mean that they don’t create victims as they might destroy a person life or a company’s life cycle.
