ABO Blood Group System Analysis

The ABO blood group system is the most important blood type system in human blood transfusion (Campbell, Neil A., 2008). Our blood is composed of blood cells and an aqueous fluid known as plasma. Human blood type is determined by the presence or absence of certain identifiers on the surface of red blood cells. These identifiers, also called antigens, help the body's immune system to recognize its own red blood cell type. There are four main ABO blood type groupings: A, B, AB, and O. These blood groups are determined by the antigen on the blood cell surface and the antibodies present in the blood plasma. Antibodies are specialized proteins that identify and defend against foreign intruders to the body. Antibodies recognize and bind to specific

When the two alleles of a pair are different, one is dominant and the other is recessive

Non – Mendelian inheritance is a general term that refers to any pattern of inheritance that does not segregate in accordance to Mendel’s Law. In Mendelian inheritance, each parent contributes one of two possible alleles needed for a trait. There are many example of non – Mendelian inheritance pattern, including incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and sex – linked traits.

Multiple alleles are a type of non-Mendelian inheritance pattern that involves more than just the two alleles. Multiple alleles happen when there are more than two alleles that are possible to code for any one characteristic. With multiple alleles, that means there is more than two phenotypes available depending on the dominant or recessive alleles that are available in the trait and the dominance pattern the individual alleles follow when combined together (Campbell, Neil A., 2008).

The ABO blood type system is also an example of a trait that is controlled by more than just a single pair of alleles. In other words, it is due to a multiple-allele series. In this case, there are three alleles (A, B, and O), but each individual only inherits two of them (one from each

This occurs because part of the blood – called plasma – has too little of a protein that helps blood clots. There are two types of haemophilia: Haemophilia A, which is more common and Haemophilia B, which is less common. Symptoms of hemophilia range from increased bleeding after trauma, injury, or surgery to sudden bleeding with no apparent cause. This disease is more likely to occur in males than in females due to the way the disease is inherited. Worldwide, it is estimated that one boy in every 5,000 will be born with haemophilia A and one boy in every 30,000 will be born with haemophilia B. There is no cure for haemophilia. However, with treatment a person with the condition can usually enjoy a good quality of life. In recent decades genetically engineered clotting factor medications have been developed to prevent and treat prolonged bleeding. These medications are given as an injection, the timing of which depends on how severe the condition is. Injections are usually only given in milder cases in response to prolonged bleeding, whereas more severe cases are treated with regular injections to prevent