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ABO Blood Group System Analysis

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The ABO blood group system is the most important blood type system in human blood transfusion (Campbell, Neil A., 2008). Our blood is composed of blood cells and an aqueous fluid known as plasma. Human blood type is determined by the presence or absence of certain identifiers on the surface of red blood cells. These identifiers, also called antigens, help the body's immune system to recognize its own red blood cell type. There are four main ABO blood type groupings: A, B, AB, and O. These blood groups are determined by the antigen on the blood cell surface and the antibodies present in the blood plasma. Antibodies are specialized proteins that identify and defend against foreign intruders to the body. Antibodies recognize and bind to specific …show more content…

When the two alleles of a pair are different, one is dominant and the other is recessive
Non – Mendelian inheritance is a general term that refers to any pattern of inheritance that does not segregate in accordance to Mendel’s Law. In Mendelian inheritance, each parent contributes one of two possible alleles needed for a trait. There are many example of non – Mendelian inheritance pattern, including incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and sex – linked traits.
Multiple alleles are a type of non-Mendelian inheritance pattern that involves more than just the two alleles. Multiple alleles happen when there are more than two alleles that are possible to code for any one characteristic. With multiple alleles, that means there is more than two phenotypes available depending on the dominant or recessive alleles that are available in the trait and the dominance pattern the individual alleles follow when combined together (Campbell, Neil A., 2008).
The ABO blood type system is also an example of a trait that is controlled by more than just a single pair of alleles. In other words, it is due to a multiple-allele series. In this case, there are three alleles (A, B, and O), but each individual only inherits two of them (one from each …show more content…

This occurs because part of the blood – called plasma – has too little of a protein that helps blood clots. There are two types of haemophilia: Haemophilia A, which is more common and Haemophilia B, which is less common. Symptoms of hemophilia range from increased bleeding after trauma, injury, or surgery to sudden bleeding with no apparent cause. This disease is more likely to occur in males than in females due to the way the disease is inherited. Worldwide, it is estimated that one boy in every 5,000 will be born with haemophilia A and one boy in every 30,000 will be born with haemophilia B. There is no cure for haemophilia. However, with treatment a person with the condition can usually enjoy a good quality of life. In recent decades genetically engineered clotting factor medications have been developed to prevent and treat prolonged bleeding. These medications are given as an injection, the timing of which depends on how severe the condition is. Injections are usually only given in milder cases in response to prolonged bleeding, whereas more severe cases are treated with regular injections to prevent

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Type AB suffer from paranoid delusions. Type B suffers from confusion and they have reproductive difficulties. Most of them can not have kids. Type Os are violent and deranged. Jake, tHe antagonist, can not have any of his own because of his blood type.

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Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which the body does not have a normal number of platelets in the blood. Blood is made up of three major cell types: red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body; white blood cells, which help fight infection; and, platelets, which stick together at the site of a cut or wound to form a clot to stop the bleeding. People who have thrombocytopenia don’t have enough platelets to form a blood clot, and so they may bleed excessively when they are cut. (nhlbi.nih.gov, 2013) Blood cells and platelets are made in the bone marrow, which is the spongy tissue inside the bones.

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The cross of BWSE X ++++ were found to be BWS+. Female F1 were found to be B+++ for the cross of ++++ X BSWE and for the cross of BWSE X ++++. The absence of an ebony body color in both the male and female F1s corresponds with the recessiveness of this allele. Bar eye can be observed in the females due to the distance between the linked genes.

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Type 1, also known as NS1 and Male Turner syndrome, individuals are affected with most characteristics above. One added effect is the low number of blood platelets, which means blood clotting is very uncommon in these individuals. NS2 is closely related to NS1, except for the inheritance pattern. The last type of the condition is neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome, but it is really just an overlap of neurofibromatosis and NS1, however, it is only a chance occurrence, because "these conditions have two distinct gene locations, with no apparent overlap" (Gale

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Hemophilia is a blood clotting disorder, which means when a person is injured their blood will not clot like it should. Ryan received injections of Factor VIII to help his blood clot. It was discovered that the injections he got were tainted and that caused him to get AIDS. In 1985, Ryan was banned from entering school because he had AIDS.

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(Genetics Home Reference, 2012). Signs and symptoms of haemophilia vary, depending on your level of clotting factors. If your clotting-factor level is mildly reduced, you may bleed only after surgery or trauma. If your deficiency is severe, you may experience spontaneous bleeding. Haemophilia is very hard to identify if someone is a carrier, the genetic disease will remain dormant until it is passed onto the offspring.

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The Major Histocompatibility Complex region, also known as the “MCH” is an area part of the DNA that is comprised of genes that ward off disease. The more variety the MCH region has of all sorts of alleles, the greater immunity a person has. Different sorts of genes are responsible in the fight against certain diseases. Once again, inbreeding couples have children who lack diversity in their DNA and so their MCH region has fewer types of

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For example, the dominant genes that I have are brown eyes, dark brown hair, my height, my skin color, oily skin and my acne. These are the dominant genes that I got from my mom and dad. The dominant genes are practically the genes that overpower the recessive genes from the other person or from recessive genes they had from there parents. Another example, the recessive genes that I have are my nose, lips, that's pretty much of what I can think of. Mostly the dominant genes that I have are from my dad's side of the

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Rh antigen is also present on the surface of RBCs similar to A, B and O antigens. Test for Rh blood grouping can be performed easily by side agglutination test. This blood group could be the most complex one of all blood type systems since it involves 45 different antigens on the surface of red cells that are controlled by 2 closely linked genes on chromosome 1.[5] The inheritance of this trait can easily be predicted by knowing the simple genetic concept that the homozygous dominant i.e. DD and heterozygous i.e. Dd are Rh +ve and homozygous recessive i.e. are Rh

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