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Absolutism Vs Functionalism

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After the cessation of the dark ages, the Renaissance was a period during which many philosophical theories and debates began in Europe. This was a time during which many intellectuals began to focus on human beings as individuals on how they are related with the surroundings (Hergenhahn, 2009). Baruch Spinoza (1632–1677) Spinoza disagreed with Descartes’ towards subtance view in double-aspect theory where mental and physical events are different aspects of the same subtance. Thus, he argued that there are two attributes of the same substance which physical matter perceived thorough sneses. The essential substance is the God, who is the universal essence of nature of everything that exists in the world (Tan, 2007). While he was agreeing …show more content…

Functionalism combined the advantages of behaviorism and identity theory to explain the mind and body relations. Functionalism is one of the major proposals on mind-body problem solution until today. In functionalism mental stated are defined in terms of their causal relations with environment on the body, other types of mental states and as well as bodily behavior (Block, 1996). Functionalism is focus between physical implementation and behavior input as well as their functional roles and it is different from Cartesian dualisms that only focus on mind (Block, 1996). Functionalism focus on the importance on hardware and software in respects in human mind and also the role as the possibility of mental causation being species of physical causation (Kim, 2000). Idea of casual roles will be formed along with suspicion that mental causation in different species of physical causation. According to Putnam (1967) and Fodor (1975) multiple realizability is an important part of some accounts of functionalism (Sober, 1999). Multiple reliability means in same mental state can be implemented by different physical states or events. They used multiple realizability against the identity theory. For example, pain, they argued that there are various of pains and other mental kinds can be realized in the body. Thus, mental kinds are not identical with physical kinds but they are related. They also argued that mental state would rely on causal roles rather than its realization

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The Renaissance or “rebirth” was a period of great scientific, artistic, and cultural advancement in Europe that gave way to many groundbreaking discoveries, such as the discovery of the heliocentric solar system (Document C), the portrayal of art in three-dimensional form (Document A), the discovery of the composition of the human body (Document D), and many other revolutionary achievements that enriched the society of Europe and their awareness of the real scientific world. During this time period, people began to understand the difference between science and religion and they developed a new understanding regarding their view of their own humanhood, or in other words, there was an evolution in man’s view of man. Through the works of

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Finally, the three sociological perspectives can be seen. Functionalist can be observed in the way

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Similarly, Thomas Nagel also criticizes functionalism for its lack of accounting for qualia. Nagel argues that functionalism is invalid in asserting that the mind is a computer program and that the body is what runs the program. As mentioned earlier, functionalism reduces mental states to computational states, composed of inputs, outputs and other computational states. Nagel argues that it is incorrect to make this assumption because in order for an organism to be reduced to another thing, there can’t be the case that the reduction totally disregards what it is like to be that organism. Nagel makes his argument by considering the definitions of subjective and objective facts.

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Psychological functionalism is the idea that culture is composed of many different elements. All these things are connected and work together to meet the needs of individuals in the culture. And culture exists to meet the biological, psychological, and social needs of individuals. In “Days of the Dead” Alma Guillermoprieto describes how the artist Rosa Marfa Robles brought to life the macho narcotraficante culture of her native state. This type of culture in her native state has brought many violent acts and murders.

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There are three different forms of functionalism such as the analytic functionalism, physchofuctionalism and machine-state functionalism. Analytic functionalism is the most common of them all, it describes the function of a job description of mental states. The second from is physchofunctionalism in which opposes to the idea of behaviorism and saying no to the physical aspect of the mind. The last form of functionalism is the machine-state functionalism in which was founded by Hillary Putnam. Putnam was an American philosopher whose ideas were based on the apologies of mind.

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Conclusion: The mind is substantively different from the body and indeed matter in general. Because in this conception the mind is substantively distinct from the body it becomes plausible for us to doubt the intuitive connection between mind and body. Indeed there are many aspects of the external world that do not appear to have minds and yet appear none the less real in spite of this for example mountains, sticks or lamps, given this we can begin to rationalize that perhaps minds can exist without bodies, and we only lack the capacity to perceive them.

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Structural-functionalism or functionalism, are groups of individuals who advocate, or work according to the principles of functionalism. The show however, portrays behavior that is clearly not functional and could be considered dysfunctional for society. But, there are examples of groups of people or individuals who work together for the well-being of the town. For instance, Quahogs news crew which consist of anchors and reporters work together the provide news for the town. The Quahog Police Department.

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The functionalism theory is a macro-level theory. It sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote equilibrium and stability. These parts may be functional, which means that the society has beneficial consequences. They may also be dysfunctional, which means that society will have negative consequences. Both of these together will create equilibrium among the society, which

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In the realm of Philosophy, different views about the definition of the mind and its interactions exist. Among the many, Dualism stands as one of the most debatable, thanks to its position about the relationship of the mind and body, and its repercussions. This assignment discusses the dualist relationship between the mind and the body, as well as its impact on the individual free will. It asserts Interventionism as an extension of Dualism, as well as an alternative to Determinism. The objective of this endeavor is to present the Dualist approach to Mind and Body as an alternative or possible solution to the dilemma of Determinism.

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Absolutism was a period of prosperity during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Absolutism is a form of government, a monarchy, in which a monarch has full governmental control. This is different from that of a limited monarch whose power is kept in check by a constitution or other government officials. Absolute monarchs gain their power in one of two ways: being born into a royal family and being in line for the throne or seizing control. Absolutism meant prosperity because monarchs were considered gods (or God 's power on earth), they changed countries for the better, and could be liked by the people for not doing everything in a harsh way.

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He argues that the body and soul are two elements that have the same underlying substance. He maintains that a person’s soul is the same as his nature of body; however, he argues that the mind differed from other parts of the body as it lacked a physical feature. In this case, he maintains that the intellect lacks a physical form, and this allows it to receive every form. It allows a person to think about anything, including the material object. In this case, he argues that if the intellect were in a material form, it could be sensitive to only some physical objects.

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They say that mental processes are the same thing as brain processes. This gives us a better explanatory role with causation regarding mental states. According to the identity theory, the “Mind” and the “Brain” refer to one object (the physical brain). (Anthony Oyowe, personal

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Functionalism can be defined as a psychological philosophy, which considers mental life and behavior with regards to active adaptation to the person’s environment. Therefore, it provides people with the general basis on which they can develop psychological theories that are not readable and testable through controlled experiments and applied psychology. The whole idea of functionalism first arose in the United States back in the 19th century. During that time, it was used as an alternative to structuralism (Zhong, 2008).

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From the point of view of Talcott Parsons, structural-functionalism describe a particular stage in the methodological development of social science, rather than specific school of thought. Strengthens and Weaknesses of Structural Functional Theory The strength of this theory is it can be used widely in the society. Structural functional theory can explain most of the social change as a result of changes such as population increasing and increased

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In other words, functionalists like Durkheim believed that for a society to survive, its various social processes must come together to meet the system’s needs. Functionalists implement Durkheim’s outlook of a unified social scheme with various elements having a function within

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