1. The nurse is assessing a patient suspected of having developed acute glomerulonephritis. The nurse should expect to address what clinical manifestation that is characteristic of this health problem?
A) Hematuria
B) Precipitous decrease in serum creatinine levels
C) Hypotension unresolved by fluid administration
D) Glucosuria
Ans: A
Feedback:
The primary presenting feature of acute glomerulonephritis is hematuria (blood in the urine), which may be microscopic (identifiable through microscopic examination) or macroscopic or gross (visible to the eye). Proteinuria, primarily albumin, which is present, is due to increased permeability of the glomerular membrane. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels may rise as urine output drops.
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The nurse coming on shift on the medical unit is taking a report on four patients. What patient does the nurse know is at the greatest risk of developing ESKD?
A) A patient with a history of polycystic kidney disease
B) A patient with diabetes mellitus and poorly controlled hypertension
C) A patient who is morbidly obese with a history of vascular disorders
D) A patient with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Ans: B Feedback:
Systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus (leading cause); hypertension; chronic glomerulonephritis; pyelonephritis; obstruction of the urinary tract; hereditary lesions, such as in polycystic kidney disease; vascular disorders; infections; medications; or toxic agents may cause ESKD. A patient with more than one of these risk factors is at the greatest risk for developing ESKD. Therefore, the patient with diabetes and hypertension is likely at highest risk for ESKD.
10. The nurse is caring for a patient postoperative day 4 following a kidney transplant. When assessing for potential signs and symptoms of rejection, what assessment should the nurse prioritize?
A) Assessment of the quantity of the patient's urine output
B) Assessment of the patient's incision
C) Assessment of the patient's abdominal