Advantages And Disadvantages Of Cream And Lotion

1.0 Introduction

1.1. Background of study Cream and lotion are made from two immiscible liquid phases which are water and oil (Korhonen et al., 2004). Therefore, the stability and rheology characteristic is the main concern if someone want to develop a new cream or lotion product after considering its safety (André, Willenbacher, & Debus, 2003). A cosmetic cream preparation should be stable throughout the processes and storages. Instable cream may develop several conditions such as coalescence, Ostwald ripening, phase inversion, creaming and flocculation (Novales, Papineau, Sire, & Axelos, 2003). All of these conditions must be avoided. A surfactant is an important ingredient to produce or formulate a stable cream. Effect of a surface active

To compare the formulated cream and lotion using formulated thickening surfactant with the cream formulated using commercial emulsifier.

1.4. Hypothesis It is believed that the combination of surfactant and polymeric thickener, with a right composition and concentration will produce a better cream in term of stability, particle size distribution and viscosity as stated by (Ribeiro et al., 2004), formulation of surfactant and water soluble polymer will improve the cream stability and sensory effect.

1.5. Scope and limitations Thickening surfactant will be formulated using the combination of Carbopol 940 as a polymer and Cremophor EL and Cremophor RH as surfactant. Using the thickening surfactant, creams and lotions will be formulated and tested. The particle size distribution of the creams and lotions will be determined using Mastesizer. The rheological characteristic of the creams and lotions will be determined using a rheometer. Three test using rheometer will be carried out which are the steady shear test, oscillation frequency sweep and oscillation amplitude sweep test. Lumifuge stability analyzer will be used to test the stability of the preparations. While for the textural analysis will be analyzed using Stable Micro System TA Plus

Cream and lotion

2.1.1. Definition and concept Creams and lotions can be defined as a type of preparation that is in the form of semi-solid and is used externally on skin or mucous area to give a beneficial (Cossio et al., 2012). It is among the widely used preparation. Since a long time ago it had been widely used especially in cosmetic and pharmaceutical (Jiménez Soriano, Fresno Contreras, & Sellés Flores, 2001). There are many types of emulsion used in cosmetic and they are varied from cream, lotion, gel, milk and even a fluid. (Tal-Figiel, 2007). Creams and lotion are types of dispersion system. So, in this system, there are two phases exist and they are not miscible with each other. These two immiscible liquid, whenever they are put together, they will separate and form bilayer in order to minimize its area of contact (Cossio et al., 2012). For example, when oil is added to a beaker containing water, they will not able form a homogenous solution instead, they will form two distinct layer. The two immiscible liquids are described as ‘oil’ and ‘water’, the oil phase is a non-polar phase, such wax, lipid and hexane while the water phase is a polar phase such as water and aqueous solution (Cossio et al., 2012). So, following the concept of “like dissolve like”, water and oil are immiscible. However, under certain processing method and added substances such as surfactant, a homogenous solution containing these two phases is possible to be formed. With the help of surfactant